基于正交试验的煤矿安全开采充填材料配比优化研究

针对目前我国"三下"压煤的现状,以及煤矿固体废弃物以煤矸石、粉煤灰为主的情况,结合岱庄煤矿膏体充填工程实践,以水泥为胶结料,煤矸石和粉煤灰为粗细骨料,运用正交试验的方法定量确定了水泥、粉煤灰和煤矸石不同配比和膏体浓度对煤矸石膏体充填各性能指标的敏感程度,以及各指标随各因素的变化趋势。结果表明:提高水泥掺量可以缩短膏体的凝结时间并提高膏体的强度;膏体的塌落度即流动性主要通过调节其浓度来实现;加入适量的粉煤灰可以提高膏体的流动性,但随着粉煤灰的增多,分层度和泌水率都有所增加。当水泥∶粉煤灰∶煤矸石为1∶2.22∶4.44,浓度为75%时,充填膏体的可泵性和强度都达到最佳,充填效果显著,有助于煤矿安全开采。     

新型乙醇汽油防静电混合器数值模拟研究

设计了一种新型乙醇汽油防静电混合器,基于CFD方法对新型乙醇汽油防静电混合器及简单的T型管混合器的内部流场分别进行数值分析,通过比较混合器中各组分浓度分布、压力分布、速度分布等特征,研究乙醇与汽油在混合器中的混合效果,并分析静电产生的风险。结果表明：在新型混合器螺旋叶片的作用下,乙醇汽油在出口处几乎混合均匀,速度趋于一致,且压力损失较小,说明新型混合器可以在较小的能耗下获得较好的混合效果,从而有效减少静电积聚。     

基于标量场协同的柴油机油气混合特性研究

目的研究过量空气系数对柴油机缸内油气混合特性的影响情况。方法基于柴油机缸内燃油混合气浓度和湍流混合速率两个微观物理场的耦合作用,定义混合协同效率和混合协同度对缸内混合特性进行定量描述。结果随着过量空气系数的升高,燃油混合气浓度场和湍流混合场相互作用的持续时间增长。在过量空气系数1.3~1.6范围内,随着过量空气系数的增加,混合协同效率的峰值逐渐降低。在过量空气系数1.6~2.2范围内,随着过量空气系数的增加,混合协同效率的峰值整体呈上升趋势。结论过量空气系数1.7前后混合协同度的变化规律不同。过量空气系数达到1.7后,随着进气量的增加油气混合质量改善的空间减小。     

华北平原灰霾天气下大气气溶胶的单颗粒分析

为分析灰霾期间单颗粒气溶胶化学组成和混合状态,于2014年12月9日—2015年1月10日,使用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪（SPAMS）表征华北平原郑州市中牟县的气溶胶颗粒.结果表明:灰霾期（H1:20141213T19:00—20141215T10:00;H2:20150102T10:00—20150106T03:00）和清洁期（C1:20141215T18:00—20141217T18:00;C2:20141231T16:00—20150101T20:00）大气颗粒物种类相同,主要分为有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）、生物质燃烧颗粒（BB）、元素碳有机碳（ECOC）、钾二次颗粒（K-Secondary）、矿尘（Dust）以及重金属颗粒（HM）7类.C1时间段,ECOC颗粒占比最高,占总颗粒数的49.8%;其次是OC和EC颗粒物,二者分别占总颗粒数的16.5%和10.8%.H1时间段,K-Secondary颗粒的占比（31.3%）最高;其次是OC和EC颗粒,二者分别占总颗粒数的23.1%和20.2%.清洁期与灰霾期质谱差分结果表明,清洁期颗粒物中含有C₃H+、C₄H₃+、C₅H₃+等有机碳碎片峰,而灰霾期颗粒物中NO₃-、HSO₄-、NO₂-等组分的信号强度显著大于清洁期.混合状态分析表明,从清洁期到灰霾期的过程中,主要颗粒物与NO₃-和HSO₄-的混合程度显著增强.清洁期与灰霾期单颗粒化学组成与混合状态的对比分析表明,清洁期新鲜排放的含碳气溶胶在灰霾期不断老化,单颗粒中二次无机组分增加,气溶胶整体老化严重.此外,灰霾期（H2）EC颗粒占总颗粒数的比例增至18.1%,并且与NO₃-、HSO₄-二次组分的混合状态增强,使平均能见度降低为4.0 km.研究显示,郑州大气能见度主要受化学组分、颗粒物混合状态和污染物质量浓度的影响.      

BIOFOR处理混装制剂类制药废水工程实例

介绍了BIOFOR反应器在江西某医药集团混装制剂废水处理中的工程应用。采用自然挂膜和接种挂膜相结合的方式快速启动BIOFOR池。BIOFOR池处理混装制剂废水具有良好的效果、较高的耐冲击负荷能力、运行稳定。COD平均去除率达72.45%,NH3-N平均去除率达56.8%。BIOFOR池出水可稳定达GB 21908—2008《混装制剂类制药工业水污染物排放标准》。BIOFOR池处理混装制剂废水的最佳运行气水比为5∶1。反冲洗宜采用水气联合反冲洗。     

水泥土深层搅拌桩在某工程中的设计与应用

结合实际工程介绍了水泥土深层搅拌桩在复杂软弱场地中的设计及应用。     

Impacts of climate change on lakes and reservoirs dynamics and restoration policies

Meteorological-driven processes exert large and diverse impacts on lakes and their water quality; these impacts can be hydrologic, thermal, hydraulic, chemical, biochemical, or ecological. The impact of climate change on Lake Tahoe (California–Nevada) was investigated here as a case study of climate change effects on the physical processes occurring within lakes. The already published trends of meteorological variables were used to assess the effects of global warming on Lake Tahoe dynamics. Records from the period 1969–2002 show that Lake Tahoe has became warmer and more stable. A series of simulation years into the future (i.e., 2000–2040) was established using flows, loads, and meteorology data sets for the period 1994–2004. Results of 40-year simulations show that the lake continues to become warmer and more stable, and mixing is reduced. Possible changes in water quality because of global warming are discussed through inference, although these are not specifically simulated. Many existing problems may be exacerbated due to climate change, yet extreme uncertainty depends on the rate and magnitude of climate change. Therefore, shifts in water quality and quantity due to climate change should be integrated into contemporary planning and management in an adaptive manner, and the research and development of impact assessment methodology should focus on approaches that can handle extreme uncertainty. The general alternatives for lake management due to climate change are discussed. Depending on the specific case, further intensive research is suggested to restore lake water quality.     

两级PNDPR耦合Anammox脱氮除磷工艺研究

鉴于厌氧氨氧化工艺进水必须包含NO₂^--N和NH₄⁺-N两种基质,且只能脱氮,为在此基础上进一步实现除磷,提出辅以短程硝化技术,将除磷、脱氮技术相耦合,即短程硝化反硝化除磷串联厌氧氨氧化工艺.生活污水首先进入短程硝化反硝化除磷单元,主要实现NH₄⁺-N转化为NO₂^--N并去除COD,其部分出水与生活污水原水相混合再进入厌氧氨氧化单元,同时短程硝化反硝化除磷单元于缺氧条件下反硝化吸磷,待反应结束后两个处理单元的出水混合排放.实验结果表明,控制进水混合比为4.2可保证Anammox单元中C/N和NO₂^--N/NH₄⁺-N值分别为2和1.5,平均△NO₂^--N/△NH₄⁺-N=1.41,△NO₃^--N/△NH₄⁺-N=0.12,Anammox脱氮平均占比为85.2%,反硝化与Anammox反应耦合良好.整个系统稳定运行后出水COD、P、NH₄⁺-N、NO₂^--N和NO₃^--N浓度分别为15.2,0.85,0.59,5.56,3.33mg/L,TN去除率为89.4%,通过PNDPR-Anammox耦合新工艺成功实现模拟生活污水的高效处理.     

Effect of mixing chamber venturi,injection timing,compression ratio and EGR on the performance of dual-fuel engine operated with HOME and CNG

Stringent environmental policies and the ever increasing demand for energy have triggered interest in novel combustion technologies that use alternative fuels as energy sources. Of these, pilot-ignited compressed natural gas (CNG) engines that employ small biodiesel pilot to ignite a premixed natural gas–air mixture have received considerable attention. This paper discusses the effect of mixing chamber venturi, injection timing, compression ratio and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance of dual-fuel engine operated on biodiesel derived from honge oil and is called honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and CNG. The proposed study mainly focuses on the manifold induction of CNG along with HOME injection. However, CNG can also be injected using port or direct gas injector (Lakshmanan and Nagarajan 2010, Energy 35, pp. 3172–3178). The future study will involve these methods of CNG injection. From this study, it is concluded that an advanced injection timing and an increased compression ratio resulted in increased brake thermal efficiency and reduced smoke, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions. However, nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) emission increased significantly. The increased NO _x emission was effectively reduced with EGR method. A mixing chamber venturi of 3 mm size, injection timing of 27° before top dead centre (BTDC), compression ratio of 17.5 and 10% EGR were found to be optimum for the modified compression ignition engine that was operated on CNG–HOME dual-fuel mode.     

河流连续点源的垂向混合规律研究及其应用

研究了连续点源污染物在近区的垂向扩散规律。通过理论推导，得出垂向均匀混合距离和部分混合水深的函数关系式，用实际资料验证取得较好结果。该将成果用于改进传统的全场水深平均的二维计算模型，解决了传统模型计算点源污染带时，近区浓度场计算值偏小的缺点。用改进模型来计算浓度场不仅节约了计算时间，而且大大地提高了近区浓度的真实性。