污泥回流对平流式沉淀池去除率的影响分析

针对目前的沉淀理论没有考虑回流污泥量将影响颗粒去除效率这一问题,在深向混合沉淀理论的基础上,得出了考虑回流比的非理想沉淀模型.根据所得模型分析了在平流沉淀池中吸泥机带走的污泥回流量对颗粒沉降的影响.并以某污水悬浮物的剩余量与沉速关系曲线为例进行分析.结果表明,在不考虑污泥回流的情况下,颗粒的去除率为72.8%;考虑污泥回流时,当回流比由0.5变化到3.0时,颗粒的去除率则由71.1%递减到50.9%,均小于不考虑污泥回流时的去除率,且回流比为3.0时,颗粒的去除率为50.9%,相对于未考虑回流污泥时的去除率降低了30%.由此可见,污泥回流量使悬浮颗粒的去除率小于无回流量时的去除率,且随着回流比的增大颗粒沉降效率将显著减小.     

水处理混合设计指标试验研究

水处理的混凝、沉淀和过滤诸工艺中混合是关键,实践证明,设计时混合工艺选定的合理,不仅提高出水水质,还能达到降低混凝剂投加量和运行费用。通过示踪迹试验和混凝试验,证实了G、Eu对混合效果的控制作用。     

Simulation of mixing depths incorporating the urban heat island effect

The main objective of this paper was to establish the effect of anthropogenic heat flux on the formation of mixing depth specially in urban areas. In this study an energy balance mixing depth model was developed for the simulation of mixing depth incorporating the heat island effect. To demonstrate the effect of heat island, mixing depths were simulated under two conditions. Under the first condition, hourly gridded anthropogenic heat flux and variant surface characteristics were considered, while under the second condition anthropogenic heat flux term was ignored and constant surface characteristics were considered throughout the modelling domain. The release of anthropogenic heat flux in the urban environment was found to be responsible for the growth of the unstable layer in the lower atmosphere even during the night. This resulted in higher mixing depth values in urban areas compared to the surrounding countryside. The maximum differential surfaces sensible heat flux between urban and rural areas was estimated as 130 W/m². From the simulation of mixing depth, it was revealed that the maximum increment in mixing depth in urban areas was 300 m due to the heat island effect. This increment in mixing depth in urban areas can provide an extra space for dilution and mixing of pollutants.     

基于Fluent的闭合环型缺氧反应器构造优化

为提高闭合环型缺氧反应器混合效果,选用基于Fluent软件的三维RNG k-ε紊流数学模型对闭合环型缺氧反应器进行流场模拟,以池底可能淤积面积比例作为混合效果的评价标准,分别从导流直墙长度、导流墙偏心距离及水下推进器偏置等3个方面对缺氧池的系统构造的最优设置进行研究。结果显示,在相同推进器功率下,导流直墙长度2.0 m为佳,导流墙偏心距离0.5 m为佳,推进器向内偏置0.5 m为佳。该研究方法及其结果可以作为闭合环型缺氧反应器的设计依据,具有较佳的技术参考价值。     

光助氧化处理活性染料废水的研究

活性染料污水,水质复杂、色度深、污染物难于降解.采用单一的混凝法或生化法难以达排放标准.本研究在活性染料污水混凝法处理的基础上进行光助催化.废水中的有机物在紫外光的作用下有机物发生降解.然后进行生化处理,使活性染料废水排放达到国家标准.     

The effects of different mixing intensities during anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

Mixing inside an anaerobic digester is often continuous and is not actively controlled. The selected mixing regime can however affect both gas production and the energy efficiency of the biogas plant. This study aims to evaluate these effects and compare three different mixing regimes, 150 RPM and 25 RPM continuous mixing and minimally intermittent mixing for both digestion of fresh substrate and post-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. The results show that a lower mixing intensity leads to a higher biogas production rate and higher total biogas production in both cases. 25 RPM continuous mixing and minimally intermittent mixing resulted in similar biogas production after process stabilization, while 150 RPM continuous mixing resulted in lower production throughout the experiment. The lower gas production at 150 RPM could not be explained by the inhibition of volatile fatty acids. Cumulative biogas production until day 31 was 295 ± 2.9, 317 ± 1.9 and 304 ± 2.8 N ml/g VS added during digestion of fresh feed and 113 ± 1.3, 134 ± 1.1 and 130 ± 2.3 N ml/g VS added during post digestion for the 150 RPM, 25 RPM and minimally mixed intensities respectively. As well as increasing gas production, optimal mixing can improve the energy efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process.     

北京上甸子大气本底站氢氟碳化物在线观测研究

在北京上甸子区域大气本底站利用气相色谱/质谱联用（GC-MS）系统对大气中11种氢氟碳化物（HFCs）开展在线观测研究.2018年1~12月,HFC-23、HFC-32、HFC-125、HFC-134a、HFC-143a、HFC-152a、HFC-227ea、HFC-236fa、HFC-245fa、HFC-365mfc、HFC-4310mee本底数据浓度分别为：（31.9±0.4）×10^-12、（22.1±1.7）×10^-12、（29.3±1.3）×10^-12、（110.2±2.4）×10^-12、（24.0±0.3）×10^-12、（10.3±0.7）×10^-12、（1.59±0.04）×10^-12、（0.19±0.01）×10^-12、（3.30±0.08）×10^-12、（1.27±0.03）×10^-12、（0.28±0.01）×10^-12;本底数据出现频率分别为：34.5%、23.4%、22.5%、24.6%、24.5%、42.5%、24.3%、46.4%、38.3%、68.1%、77.9%;非本底数据浓度分别为：（39.2±11.1）×10^-12、（47.7±21.8）×10^-12、（38.6±8.7）×10^-12、（137.3±15.7）×10^-12、（26.1±2.2）×10^-12、（15.9±7.0）×10^-12、（2.77±1.11）×10^-12、（0.25±0.06）×10^-12、（4.10±0.97）×10^-12、（1.34±0.06）×10^-12、（0.30±0.01）×10^-12.HFC-32、HFC-125、HFC-134a、HFC-143a、HFC-227ea本底浓度呈线性上升趋势,年增长率分别为：4.4×10^-12,3.8×10^-12,7.3×10^-12,1.0×10^-12,0.14×10^-12a^-1,而HFC-152a呈现明显的季节变化.以CO为示踪物利用示踪物比值相关法估算了HFC-23、HFC-32、HFC-125、HFC-143a、HFC-152a、HFC-236fa、HFC-245fa排放量,分别为6.4,17,14,27,4.0,0.10,1.3kt/a.     

成都春季气溶胶理化性质及不同时段污染特征

利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱（SPAMS）及多种在线设备于2017年春季对成都市大气污染进行了连续观测.结果表明,成都市春季PM_2.5和PM₁₀的平均浓度分别为（62±25）和（90±40）μg/m³.大气中单颗粒物可分为8类,由于排放源及老化过程的差异,各类颗粒质谱特征和粒径分布差异明显.对选取的细粒子污染、细粒子与粗粒子混合污染（混合污染）及清洁时段的污染特征对比分析发现：（1）钾与元素碳混合颗粒（KEC）的贡献在细粒子污染时段（42.8%~46.3%）明显高于其他时段（28.9%~33.7%）;与清洁时段相比,源于燃烧过程的碳质颗粒在混合污染时段贡献降低,但沙尘/扬尘颗粒（DUST）的贡献为各时段最高.（2）相比清洁时段,大多数颗粒与二次无机组分的混合程度在其他两种时段均增强.（3）不同时段成都市气团来向差异明显,西南方向气团在细粒子污染时段占据绝对主导,川南重污染区域对成都市污染贡献重大.     

10000m^3／h横流冷却塔的“混装”改造

采用混装技术改造冷却塔，消除了原有故障，提高了效能，保证了安、稳、长、满优生产。     

循环流化床的流体混合时间及充氧特性

研究了循环流化床的流体混合时间及充氧特性。结果表明，空床时流体混合时间在１２～２３ｓ之间；随着气体流量，载体投加量的增大，流体混合时间缩短；液体流量增加，对混合时间影响不大；液含率随气体流量的增加略有下降，气体率随着气体流量的增加略有增大，液含率、气含率随着液体流量的增加基本保持不变；液体流量的变化对液含率的影响远小于气体；ＫＬａ反应器内流体的紊流程度有关，载体的引入对ＫＬａ的影响复杂，总的趋势为