T型氧化沟提高脱氮效率的技术改造

采用延长边沟闷曝时间的方法对BOD降解模式T型氧化沟进行提高脱氮效率的改造。结果表明,边沟闷曝时间由0.5 h增至1 h,系统反硝化和硝化运行时间比t_DN/t_N由0.56调整至0.50时,提高了系统的NH₃-N的硝化效率,强化了脱氮能力。工艺改造后出水NH3-N浓度由改造前15.5 mg/L显著降低至10.4 mg/L,达到了广东省地方标准（DB 44/26-2001）第一时段的二级排放要求;系统脱氮效率由改造前52.1%显著提高到68.3％,有效地解决了污水厂出水NH₃-N浓度过高的问题;具有投资少、效果明显的特点,有一定的推广价值。     

两性木质素接枝共聚物的聚合反应与离子化改性

研究碱木质素与复合单体在水相中接枝共聚,以Mannich反应进一步对接枝产物进行阳离子化改性.结果表明:在70℃±5℃下进行木质素与复合单体接枝共聚反应,当pH值为7.0-8.0、反应时间为2h-2.5h,获得较理想的接枝效果,过硫酸盐引发效果优于过氧化氢,引发剂适宜的反应浓度约为10mmol·l-1.共聚物阳离子化改性的适宜条件为:醛、胺与木质素的质量比为0.5∶1.2∶1,反应温度60℃-70℃,反应时间2h,反应产物为一种具有阴、阳离子两性基团的木质素聚合物. 以丙酮分离产物,当体积比为0.75时,获得产物与水较好的分离效果. 红外光谱分析表明,木质素与复合单体实现了有效的接枝共聚和离子化改性.     

石棉表面改性对石棉诱导人胚肺细胞产生羟基自由基的影响

为了研究用柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠预处理温石棉对石棉诱导人胚肺(HEL)细胞产生羟基自由基(·OH)的影响,笔者用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后,再将其与人胚肺细胞共同孵育,利用电子自旋捕获法测定反应体系中羟基自由基信号。结果显示,石棉可诱导人胚肺细胞产生羟基自由基,并且所产生的自由基信号(峰高)随石棉浓度升高而增强,呈一定的剂量依赖性。经3种化合物预处理的温石棉组人胚肺细胞所产生的自由基信号(峰高)均明显低于未处理温石棉组。上述结果表明,温石棉可诱导人胚肺细胞产生羟基自由基,但用3种化合物预处理温石棉,均可抑制温石棉诱导人胚肺细胞产生羟基自由基。     

IMPACT OF SEWAGE TREATMENT MODIFICATIONS ON WATER QUALITY OF A RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT. As a result of several investigations conducted in the Department of Civil Engineering through the Water Resources Research Center at The University of Tennessee, dating from 1966 to the present, a rather comprehensive surveillance of water quality conditions has been maintained in Forth Loudoun Reservoir on the Tennessee River near Knowville, Tennessee. During the period covered by these investigations, the Knoxville Third Creek Sewage Treatment Plant was upgraded from a primary plant to a secondary (activated sludge) treatment plant. Comparison of the collected data is being undertaken herein to elucidate the impact of these modifications upon water quality conditions in the reservoir. Consideration is given to the improvements of water quality as related to the expenditure for modification of the treatment facilities. In addition, comment is directed toward the public health significance of the water quality conditions determined.     

石墨烯/血红素仿生涂层促进电活性微生物产电的效应和机理研究

阳极输出效率是决定生物电化学系统(BESs)能否实现工程化应用的基础和关键.但微生物/阳极界面的低效电子传递阻碍了 BESs整体输出效率的进一步提升.本研究通过模拟细胞色素c构建了一种石墨烯/血红素(GN/Hemin)复合仿生材料修饰的高性能BESs阳极.通过监测电活性菌ShewanellaloihicaPV-4的电能...     

Green Symbolism in the Genetic Modification Debate

The character of the current controversy over geneticallymodified (GM) agriculture, typified by protesters' use of emotivesymbolism, has been largely inspired by the Green movement'snon-governmental organizations and political parties. This articleexplores the deeper philosophical and spiritual motivations of the Greenmovement, to inquire why it is implacably opposed to GM agriculture. TheGreen movement's anti-capitalism, exemplified by the hate-symbol statusof Monsanto as the company pioneering GM crops, is viewed within thewider context of alienation in the modern era. A complex of meanings isseen in Frankenstein as the focal symbol of GM protests, includingperceptions of risk, fears of the remixing of living identities seen ingenetic engineering, and resentment at the spiritual nihilism of thereduction of life to the digital code of DNA. By contrast, RobertGoodin's Green Theory of Value, which postulates the deep psychologicalimportance of nature in locating the self in a meaningful context largerthan ourselves, can explain the power of the Green symbol of thethreatened environment, Gaia. The advent of GM agriculture seems toimply that capitalism and technology can now enframe nature itself,leaving a world devoid of natural myth or meaning, with no escape fromthe alienation and nihilism of modernity. The central question posed forprotagonists of the GM debate is whether their agenda is based on thesepowerful but mythical conceptions of the environment, or whetherpreservation of the real environment is their primary ethic.     

有机修饰塿土对苯酚的吸附及其热力学特征

研究了用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）单一修饰和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵＋十二烷基磺酸钠（CTMAB＋SDS）混合修饰填土耕层、粘化层后土样对苯酚的吸附及其热力学特征,并对其吸附机理进行探讨．结果表明,填土两层次土样表面修饰后均能显著增强对苯酚的吸附能力,耕层土样对苯酚吸附呈现100GCB（100％CTMAB修饰耕层土样）〉120GCS（100％CTMAB＋20％SDS修饰耕层土样）〉50GCB（50％CTMAB修饰耕层土样）〉GCK（耕层原土）的趋势,粘化层土样相应地呈现100NCB（100％CTMAB修饰粘化层土样）〉50NCB（50％CTMAB修饰粘化层土样）〉120NCS（100％CTMAB＋20％SDS修饰粘化层土样）〉NCK（粘化层原土）的变化趋势;耕层原土吸附苯酚能力高于粘化层原土,但修饰后粘化层土样对苯酚的吸附能力超过耕层;两层次原土对苯酚的吸附呈现增温效应,但修饰后耕层土样转变为随温度上升吸附量下降的增温负效应特征,而粘化层修饰土样呈现增温效应特征,证实耕层修饰土样对苯酚以物理吸附为主,而粘化层修饰土样以化学吸附为主;Henry模型可用于描述苯酚在供试土样中的吸附;供试土样对苯酚的吸附属自发性反应,耕层修饰土样的吸附属焙减、熵减过程,自发性取决于焙减,而粘化层的吸附属焓增、熵增过程,自发性主要取决于熵增．     

活性炭纤维在机动车尾气净化中的研究与应用展望

机动车尾气净化控制的一个难点在于冷启动阶段,此时由于温度较低,催化剂尚未完全起作用,导致排出的污染物浓度较高。阐述了活性炭纤维的基本特性,特别是其低温吸附与催化性能对NO和CO的转化作用,讨论了活性炭纤维作为机动车尾气净化材料所需的改性及方法,并展望了其应用前景。     

季铵化改性稻草吸附去除水中SO42-的特性研究

采用NaOH、环氧氯丙烷和三甲胺改性稻草秸秆,制备出含季铵基的吸附剂,用以去除水中的硫酸根离子(SO2-4).通过SEM、元素分析、13C-NMR表征发现,稻草改性后表面纤维结构暴露,含氮量增加,引入了大量的季铵基,吸附潜力显著提高.吸附实验结果表明,改性稻草吸附去除SO42-平衡时间约20min,pH为3～8范围内吸附效果较好.采用Langmuir吸附模型可较好地描述改性稻草对SO2-4的吸附等温线,其最大单分子层吸附量Qmax为74.76mg·g-1,吸附能力远大于原稻草(11.68mg·g-1).     

化学改性对BA-3活菌体去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响作用

通过对BA-3活菌体进行多种化学改性,比较了经化学改性后的BA-3菌体对C(rⅥ)的去除效率。结果表明,所试化学改性均会导致BA-3活菌体一定程度的质量减少;无机酸改性及有机溶剂改性均可较大程度提高菌体的C(rⅥ)去除效率,而无机酸改性、有机溶剂改性及盐改性则对菌体吸附Cr的效率有不同程度的提高作用。菌体表面上的[H+]及[OH-]的分布对于其吸附Cr及还原C(rⅥ)均有重要的影响作用,当溶液中的[H+]浓度增加时,会加快菌体还原Cr(Ⅵ)的速率,并促进菌体对Cr的吸附作用;当溶液中[OH-]增加时,C(rⅥ)的去除速率会相应降低,而菌体对Cr的吸附效果也有所降低。以盐改性时可提高菌体表面可交换阳离子的活性,并促进菌体表面与C(rⅢ)的离子交换,从而在Cr的吸附后期有利于菌体吸附溶液中的C(rⅢ)。此外,菌体的菌丝球结构及其比表面积也会影响其吸附Cr及还原C(rⅥ)的效率。有机溶剂改性可改善菌体的有效表面积,对菌体去除C(rⅥ)及吸附Cr都是有利的。