硫酸改性麻黄废渣对Cu~(2+)的吸附研究

用硫酸对麻黄废渣进行化学改性,制备改性麻黄废渣,并用于模拟废水中Cu2+的吸附。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪和官能团滴定等方法对改性麻黄废渣进行表征;采用静态吸附实验,考察了溶液pH、吸附剂用量、吸附时间等对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,麻黄废渣改性后,酸性基团数量明显增加,羟基和羧基也均有大幅度的增加,表面比改性前变得粗糙和疏松多孔,表面积增大,更有利于对Cu2+的吸附。室温(25℃)下改性麻黄废渣吸附Cu2+的较佳条件为:溶液pH 5.0、吸附时间60min、改性麻黄废渣用量4g/L。改性麻黄废渣对Cu2+的吸附可以用准二级动力学方程描述,Cu2+的饱和吸附量为2.20mmol/g,与改性前(1.49mmol/g)相比有明显提高。改性麻黄废渣吸附—解吸附循环使用5次中,Cu2+的平均解吸率达到83%左右,麻黄废渣平均再生率达到94%以上,经5次循环使用,Cu2+吸附率仍可达到99.46%,说明改性麻黄废渣具有良好的重复利用性能。     

负载TiO2的活性炭纤维改性电极电吸附除氟

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2凝胶,将TiO2凝胶涂覆在活性炭纤维表面并进行热处理制备改性电极(TiO2/ACF),利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射光谱仪(XRD)、比表面和孔隙度分析仪对负载前后电极的表面特性进行表征,并探讨了其对NaF溶液的电吸附效果。结果表明,电极负载TiO2后表面变得粗糙,比表面积和总孔体积减小,而介孔体积和平均孔径增大。此外,表面的TiO2同时以金红石和锐钛矿的晶型存在。电吸附实验结果显示,加电可以提高吸附容量,而且电压、pH和初始氟离子浓度均对电吸附容量产生影响:电压增大,吸附容量增加,当施加电压为2 V时,电吸附容量为1.03 mg/g,比开路电位时提高40%;pH可以通过影响氟离子在溶液中的存在形态和TiO2/ACF电极表面的羟基基团对电吸附容量产生影响;初始氟离子浓度升高,电极吸附容量增大,但是去除率降低。在处理初始氟离子浓度为4 mg/L的NaF溶液时,在2 V电压、中性pH和12 h的吸附时间下,改性ACF为电极的吸附量为1.32 mg/g。     

改性粉煤灰处理低浓度含磷废水的研究

以酸改性粉煤灰为吸附剂,处理低质量浓度(1 mg/L左右)磷酸盐溶液,探讨了改性剂的种类、改性剂用量、吸附剂用量、反应时间、pH以及温度对除磷效果的影响.结果表明:(1)经过酸改性后粉煤灰的磷去除率显著提高,而且硫酸改性粉煤灰的除磷效果更好,磷去除率最高可达97.68％.(2)最佳条件:选择硫酸用量为5 mL/g进行改性,硫酸改性粉煤灰投加量为2.0g,反应时间为60 min,pH为7.2～10.8,温度为25℃(即室温).(3)改性粉煤灰对磷的吸附更符合Freundlich吸附等温模型,既有物理吸附,也有化学吸附,并以Ca、Mg氧化物与磷形成磷的沉淀物为主.     

化学改性对碳纳米管催化剂结构和活性的影响

采用经过臭氧、空气和混酸（HNO3-H2SO4）化学改性的多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）作为催化剂,用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、FT—IR、Raman、XPS分析方法对MWNTs进行结构表征。在间歇式高压反应釜中,以改性后的MWNTs作为催化剂,开展了催化湿式氧化苯酚的活性研究。结果表明：经改性的MWNTs具有较高的催化活性。在155℃和总压2．5MPa,苯酚初始浓度为1000mg／L,催化剂投加量为0．4g／L的条件下,液相臭氧改性方法处理的MWNTs表现出了良好的催化活性,反应120min后苯酚的去除率为100％,溶液的矿化率为72％。改性的催化剂表面生成的含氧官能团是MWNTs在催化湿式氧化反应中具有高活性的重要原因。     

Strong links between metal contamination, habitat modification and estuarine larval fish distributions

Changes to larval fish assemblages may have far reaching ecological impacts. Correlations between habitat modification, contamination and marine larval fish communities have rarely been assessed in situ. We investigated links between the large-scale distribution of stressors and larval fish assemblages in estuarine environments. Larval fish communities were sampled using a benthic sled within the inner and outer zones of three heavily modified and three relatively unmodified estuaries. Larval abundances were significantly greater in modified estuaries, and there were trends towards greater diversity in these systems. Differences in larval community composition were strongly related to sediment metal levels and reduced seagrass cover. The differences observed were driven by two abundant species, Paedogobius kimurai and Ambassis jacksoniensis, which occurred in large numbers almost exclusively in highly contaminated and pristine locations respectively. These findings suggest that contamination and habitat alteration manifest in substantial differences in the composition of estuarine larval fish assemblages.     

钡盐沉积改性硅藻土的制备及其吸附Pb2+的研究

通过钡盐沉积改性制备改性硅藻土,并将其应用于吸附模拟废水中pb2+,分析了钡盐浓度、pH、改性硅藻土投加量、水样中pb2+初始浓度以及振荡时间对改性硅藻土吸附pb2+的影响,并对硅藻土的沉降性能和改性机制进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,选择0.20 mol/L钡盐改性硅藻土,在pH为7.0、投加量为2 g、水样中pb2+初...     

废陶瓷的表面改性及其吸附性能

以十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷为改性剂,对废陶瓷进行表面改性,使改性后的废陶瓷粒具有疏水性表而.考察了改性废陶瓷粒对工业废水的有机物去除作用以及对染料废水的脱色作用.实验结果表明,在改性废陶瓷粒径为1 -4 mm、改性废陶瓷加入量为500 g/L、吸附时间为30 min的条件下,造纸废水的COD去除率可达42％,亚甲基蓝溶液的...     

回收废旧电池外壳聚丙烯的力学和耐热性能研究

社会经济的发展和生活水平的提高使得汽车保有量逐年增加,服役后报废汽车产生的废旧蓄电池也快速上升,报废的蓄电池给环境带来巨大压力.废旧电池外壳是聚丙烯,如何循环利用成为亟待解决问题.采用高抗冲共聚聚丙烯对其进行增韧改性,结果表明:当添加20％共聚聚丙烯后,缺口冲击强度提升39.2％,熔体流动速率降低了48.3％,在150...     

石棉表面改性对石棉诱导人胚肺细胞产生羟基自由基的影响

为了研究用柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠预处理温石棉对石棉诱导人胚肺(HEL)细胞产生羟基自由基(·OH)的影响,笔者用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后,再将其与人胚肺细胞共同孵育,利用电子自旋捕获法测定反应体系中羟基自由基信号。结果显示,石棉可诱导人胚肺细胞产生羟基自由基,并且所产生的自由基信号(峰高)随石棉浓度升高而增强,呈一定的剂量依赖性。经3种化合物预处理的温石棉组人胚肺细胞所产生的自由基信号(峰高)均明显低于未处理温石棉组。上述结果表明,温石棉可诱导人胚肺细胞产生羟基自由基,但用3种化合物预处理温石棉,均可抑制温石棉诱导人胚肺细胞产生羟基自由基。     

IMPACT OF SEWAGE TREATMENT MODIFICATIONS ON WATER QUALITY OF A RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT. As a result of several investigations conducted in the Department of Civil Engineering through the Water Resources Research Center at The University of Tennessee, dating from 1966 to the present, a rather comprehensive surveillance of water quality conditions has been maintained in Forth Loudoun Reservoir on the Tennessee River near Knowville, Tennessee. During the period covered by these investigations, the Knoxville Third Creek Sewage Treatment Plant was upgraded from a primary plant to a secondary (activated sludge) treatment plant. Comparison of the collected data is being undertaken herein to elucidate the impact of these modifications upon water quality conditions in the reservoir. Consideration is given to the improvements of water quality as related to the expenditure for modification of the treatment facilities. In addition, comment is directed toward the public health significance of the water quality conditions determined.