基于SBR工艺的活性污泥呼吸速率在线软测量的研究

呼吸速率是表征活性污泥处理过程的主要变量,它直接反映了好氧生物处理过程中生物的活性和有机物的降解速率。本研究通过对呼吸速率测定原理的探讨,提出了基于SBR工艺的呼吸速率在线软测量模型,并通过实验室搭建的控制平台实现了微生物呼吸速率的在线测量。     

应用GPRS技术的环境状况远程实时自动监测系统

GPRS（General Packet Radio Service）无线通信网络具有永远在线、快速登录、高速传输、分组交换、费用低廉的优势。针对当前城乡饮用水源和废水污染严重,企业排出废气大幅度超标。区域环境噪声、交通噪声升级等日益严峻的环境现状,提出了“应用GPRS移动通信新技术,实现昼夜不问断、无盲点的远程实时环境自动监测系统”方案,大幅度提升“环境监测、环境治理”的科技水平。     

基于FLAC3D分析的某铁矿充填效果研究

为解决辽宁某铁矿开采后地表沉陷问题,验证自研的复合激发尾砂胶结充填体充填效果,运用FLAC3D模拟软件对铁矿二步骤充填开采和地表沉陷进行数值模拟计算研究.研究结果表明:采用3种胶结充填体分别进行二步骤充填后,盐基、碱基、水泥基胶结充填体内部的应力平均值分别为0.92,0.79,0.93 MPa,最大位移值分别为38,2...     

克拉玛依市区大气尘污染研究

通过对克拉玛依市区大气尘污染的特性及变化规律所进行的全面分析和研究,结果表明：市区的尘污染有加重的趋势,降尘属中度污染,针对现状,提出了大力植树造林;加强对建筑施工和道路改造施工现场的管理;加强对低空排放的小型燃煤锅炉的监督管理;充分利用石油天然气资源;强化以环境管理为中心的环境政策体系等五项具体措施。     

数据挖掘与现场调查结合的电动汽车事故分析

为了解电池热失控引起的电动汽车自燃事故起因,降低事故发生率,统计梳理2020年新能源汽车起火事故概况,并基于动力电池失效机制和车辆运行数据,提出一种融合事故阶段安全参数关联分析、事故现场调查和全生命周期数据一致性分析的事故多维分析方法,采用该方法深入剖析一起电动汽车起火事故.研究结果表明:事故多维分析方法可通过探究事故...     

Volunteer Macroinvertebrate Monitoring: Tensions Among Group Goals,Data Quality,and Outcomes

Volunteer monitoring of natural resources is promoted for its ability to increase public awareness, to provide valuable knowledge, and to encourage policy change that promotes ecosystem health. We used the case of volunteer macroinvertebrate monitoring (VMM) in streams to investigate whether the quality of data collected is correlated with data use and organizers' perception of whether they have achieved these outcomes. We examined the relation between site and group characteristics, data quality, data use, and perceived outcomes (education, social capital, and policy change). We found that group size and the degree to which citizen groups perform tasks on their own (rather than aided by professionals) positively correlated with the quality of data collected. Group size and number of years monitoring positively influenced whether a group used their data. While one might expect that groups committed to collecting good-quality data would be more likely to use it, there was no relation between data quality and data use, and no relation between data quality and perceived outcomes. More data use was, however, correlated with a group's feeling of connection to a network of engaged citizens and professionals. While VMM may hold promise for bringing citizens and scientists together to work on joint conservation agendas, our data illustrate that data quality does not correlate with a volunteer group's desire to use their data to promote regulatory change. Therefore, we encourage scientists and citizens alike to recognize this potential disconnect and strive to be explicit about the role of data in conservation efforts.     

Effect of housing geometry on the performance of Chemcatcher passive sampler for the monitoring of hydrophobic organic pollutants in water

Passive sampling of pollutants in water has been gaining acceptance for environmental monitoring. Previously, an integrative passive sampler (the Chemcatcher) was developed and calibrated for the measurement of time weighted average concentrations of hydrophobic pollutants in water. Effects of physicochemical properties and environmental variables (water temperature and turbulence) on kinetic and thermodynamic parameters characterising the exchange of analytes between the sampler and water have been published. In this study, the effect of modification in sampler housing geometry on these calibration parameters was studied. The results obtained for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons show that reducing the depth of the cavity in the sampler body geometry increased the exchange kinetics by approximately twofold, whilst having no effect on the correlation between the uptake and offload kinetics of analytes. The use of performance reference compounds thus avoids the need for extensive re-calibration when the sampler body geometry is modified.     

Water quality assessment of Ogun river, South West Nigeria

The quality of Ogun river in South-West, Nigeria was studied by a field survey for a period of 1 year (covering dry season and rainy season). Water samples were collected from thirteen sites and analysed for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters as well as heavy metals using standard methods. Generally, the values obtained for turbidity, phosphate, oil and grease, iron and faecal coliform from all the sites in both seasons were above the maximum acceptable limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Also, the manganese content from all the sites in the dry season, lead concentrations from three sites in the dry season and cadmium concentrations from some sites in both seasons were above the WHO limit. The values obtained for total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen and chloride at site M in the dry season and nitrate at site J in the rainy season were also above the WHO limit. Pollution of Ogun river water along its course is evidenced by the high concentrations of pollution indicators, nutrients and trace metals above the acceptable limit. This poses a health risk to several rural communities who rely on the river primarily as their source of domestic water. The study showed a need for continuous pollution monitoring programme of surface waters in Nigeria.     

Real time remote monitoring of air pollutants and their online transmission to the web using internet protocol

Recent advances in both information and sensor technologies have enabled the development of Real Time Remote Monitoring (RTRM) capabilities for environmental management. An online and real time remote monitoring system for air pollution has been designed and installed at a traffic police station at Punjagutta in Hyderabad, India. The system is optimized using electrochemical sensors and a real time particulate matter analyzer. The system also monitors meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, barometric pressure, wind speed and wind direction. The system periodically monitors both pollution and meteorological parameters at pre- programmed intervals of hr during peak periods and 1 hr during non peak periods of the day and continuously uploads to a predestinated web site (www.appcb.org/home.htm) using File Transfer Protocol. The web site renders a quick, simple and graphical display of air pollution levels and meteorological parameters and their significance to humans. The present paper highlights design considerations of a pollution monitoring system, system hardware and software requirements and practical limitations and future directions for real time remote monitoring of air pollution.