流动床SBR处理饮料废水的试验研究

在序批式活性污泥(SBR)反应池内投加填料,形成流动床SBR,本试验对SBR和流动床SBR去除COD、TN的效果进行了对比研究,结果表明:流动床SBR对COD、TN的去除效果优于SBR,采用限制性曝气方式时TN的去除率较非限制性曝气方式高。     

悬浮填料好氧移动床反应器挂膜启动方式研究

主要针对好氧移动床处理生活污水挂膜启动方式进行了研究。考察了接种污泥对挂膜启动过程的影响,同时对启动过程中微生物相的变化以及出水中主要污染物随时间的变化情况进行了分析。结果表明：在温度为30～35℃,MBBR1和MBBR2均能在16d左右完成挂膜启动,载体上附着微生物生长稳定时生物膜质量浓度分别达1．2g／L和1．4g／L,接种污泥并不能加速挂膜启动过程。试验还显示,挂膜过程中,CODCr和氨氮的去除率并不是同步提高,好氧异养菌的增殖速度较快,硝化菌的增殖速度较慢。     

A methodological approach to develop “contaminant migration–population effects” models

The main aim of the present work is to discuss the methodological approaches that underpin the “contaminant migration–population effects” models for the evaluation of the detriment to populations of moving organisms in environmental systems with spatial and time dependent pollution levels. A technique to couple the equations controlling the population dynamics and the pollutant dispersion is described and discussed. The domain of application and the limitations of the methodology are analysed and illustrated by some examples. Possible alternative approaches are briefly presented.     

两种生物膜反应器对黄河微污染水处理

通过MBBR工艺和陶粒生物滤池预处理黄河中下游微污染黄河水的对比试验研究,发现陶粒生物滤池和移动床生物膜反应器对CODMn的去除效果接近,但前者对UV254、三氯甲烷前体物和叶绿素a的去除效果均远远高于后者。陶粒生物滤池对氨氮的去除效果略高于移动床生物膜反应器,陶粒生物滤池出水中的亚硝酸盐氮浓度也较低。     

Effects of carrier-attached biofilm on oxygen transfer efficiency in a moving bed biofilm reactor

Three laboratory-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) with different carrier filling ratios ranging from 40% to 60% were used to study the effects of carrier-attached biofilm on oxygen transfer efficiency. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three MBBRs in degrading chemical oxygen demand and ammonia. The three reactors removed more than 95% of NH ₄ ⁺ -N at an air flow-rate of 60 L·h^–1. The standard oxygen transfer efficiency (αSOTE) of the three reactors was also investigated at air flow-rates ranging from 60 to 100 L·h^–1. These results were compared to αSOTE of wastewater with a clean carrier (no biofilm attached). Results showed that under these process conditions, αSOTE decreased by approximately 70% as compared to αSOTE of wastewater at a different carrier-filling ratio. This indicated that the biofilm attached to the carrier had a negative effect on αSOTE. Mechanism analysis showed that the main inhibiting effects were related to biofilm flocculants and soluble microbial product (SMP). Biofilm flocs could decrease αSOTE by about 20%, and SMP could decrease αSOTE by 30%–50%.     

A road-map for energy-neutral wastewater treatment plants of the future based on compact technologies (including MBBR)

In the paper concepts for wastewater treatment of the future are discussed by the use of a) one flow diagram based on established, compact, proven technologies (i.e. nitrification/denitrification for N-removal in the mainstream) and b) one flow diagram based on emerging, compact technologies (i.e. de-ammonification in the main stream).The latter (b) will give an energy-neutral wastewater treatment plant, while this cannot be guaranteed for the first one (a). The example flow diagrams show plant concepts that a) minimize energy consumption by using compact biological and physical/chemical processes combined in an optimal way, for instance by using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes for biodegradation and high-rate particle separation processes, and de-ammonification processes for N-removal and b)maximize energy (biogas) production through digestion by using wastewater treatment processes that minimize biodegradation of the sludge (prior to digestion) and pretreatment of the sludge prior to digestion by thermal hydrolysis. The treatment plant of the future should produce a water quality (for instance bathing water quality) that is sufficient for reuse of some kind (toilet flushing, urban use, irrigation etc.). The paper outlines compact water reclamation processes based on ozonation in combination with coagulation as pretreatment before ceramic membrane filtration. In the paper concepts for domestic wastewater treatment plants of the future are discussed by the use of a) one flow diagram based on established, compact, proven technologies (i.e. nitrification/denitrification for N-removal in the mainstream) and b) one flow diagram based on emerging, compact technologies (i.e. de-ammonification in the main stream).The latter (b) will give an energy-neutral wastewater treatment plant, while this cannot be guaranteed for the first one (a). The example flow diagrams show plant concepts that a) minimize energy consumption by using compact biological and physical/chemical processes combined in an optimal way, for instance by using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes for biodegradation and high-rate particle separation processes, and de-ammonification processes for N-removal and b)maximize energy (biogas) production through digestion by using wastewater treatment processes that minimize biodegradation of the sludge (prior to digestion) and pretreatment of the sludge prior to digestion by thermal hydrolysis. The treatment plant of the future should produce a water quality (for instance bathing water quality) that is sufficient for reuse of some kind (toilet flushing, urban use, irrigation etc.). The paper outlines compact water reclamation processes based on ozonation in combination with coagulation as pretreatment before ceramic membrane filtration.     

高氨氮化工废水MBBR—AMBBR—MBBR组合工艺处理

采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）—厌氧移动床生物膜反应器（AMBBR）—MBBR组合工艺处理高氨氮化工废水。反应器采用几何构型优化、比表面积大的新型YD-25生物载体和DNF-203硝化细菌,实现了同步硝化和反硝化,强化了脱氮能力。采用投加菌种和排泥的方式,经27 d的驯化培养即完成了反应器的挂膜启动。试验结果表明：最佳操作条件为HRT 8 d、MBBR中DO 3 mg/L、进水pH 8.0;在进水COD 2 840~7 437 mg/L、ρ（氨氮）92~179 mg/L、TN 148~258 mg/L、pH 6~8的条件下,出水指标均值为COD 352 mg/L、ρ（氨氮）21.2 mg/L、TN 36 mg/L、pH 7.4,满足排放要求。     

放射源在线监控系统设计与应用

为了防止在用放射源发生脱落、丢失、超标使用、私自转移等情况,最大限度避免辐射安全事故。有必要设计建立放射源在线监控系统,对放射源放射性指标(辐射剂量率)及所处位置(经纬度)实行连续的自动监测。并通过各级监管平台设置放射源超标、异动等报警程序,全面提升放射源科学监管水平。     

不同填充率对移动床生物膜反应器的产泥性能影响研究

研究了不同填充率下（10%～70%）移动床生物膜反应器的生物膜特征和处理效果,以及填充率与污泥产率的关系。结果表明：随着填充率的增加,填料上生物膜厚度逐渐减少,反应器中附着微生物浓度逐渐增加;污泥产率因填充率不同而有很大差异,同一个反应器内污泥产率随填充率的增加而减少;在进水COD为400 mg/L、NH⁺₄-N为40 mg/L、水力停留时间为12 h条件下,不同填充率下COD去除率均可达到94%以上,NH⁺₄-N去除率达到97%以上。     

长三角地区MBBR泥膜复合污水厂低温季节微生物多样性分析

为表征长三角地区采用MBBR泥膜复合工艺（hybrid-MBBR）的污水厂在低温季节的微生物群落变化,得出微生物分布规律,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序对该区域5座市政污水处理厂进行研究,对好氧区活性污泥及悬浮载体生物膜微生物群落结构进行了分析.结果表明,同污水厂悬浮载体生物膜微生物物种数低于同系统活性污泥,且物种分布更不均匀.悬浮载体的投加可提升系统微生物多样性,但同时进水及运行方式对系统微生物群落组成具有一定选择性.各污水厂相对丰度较高的菌属主要有Nitrospira、Mycobacterium、Defluviicoccus、Hyphomicrobium和Macellibacteroides等,悬浮载体的投加极大程度上强化了优势硝化菌属Nitrospira的富集.核算悬浮载体中硝化细菌生物量占系统中总量的86.12%~95.36%;各污水厂好氧区悬浮载体中均检测到一定相对丰度的反硝化菌群,结合沿程及小试结果确认好氧区悬浮载体生物膜上发生了显著的同步硝化反硝化（SND）现象,强化了系统TN去除.