Occupational injuries and sick leaves in household moving works

Background. This study is concerned with household moving works and the characteristics of occupational injuries and sick leaves in each step of the moving process. Methods. Accident data for 392 occupational accidents were categorized by the moving processes in which the accidents occurred, and possible incidents and sick leaves were assessed for each moving process and hazard factor. Results. Accidents occurring during specific moving processes showed different characteristics depending on the type of accident and agency of accidents. The most critical form in the level of risk management was falls from a height in the ‘lifting by ladder truck’ process. Incidents ranked as a ‘High’ level of risk management were in the forms of slips, being struck by objects and musculoskeletal disorders in the ‘manual materials handling’ process. Also, falls in ‘loading/unloading’, being struck by objects during ‘lifting by ladder truck’ and driving accidents in the process of ‘transport’ were ranked ‘High’. Conclusion. The findings of this study can be used to develop more effective accident prevention policy reflecting different circumstances and conditions to reduce occupational accidents in household moving works.     

悬挂链脉动波式曝气系统及相关工艺的研究

曝气技术与设备一直是活性污泥处理工艺中的核心组成部分 ,但目前使用的曝气设备存在着诸多不足之处 ,影响了整个处理工艺的效果。悬挂链脉动波式曝气系统解决了长期困扰的问题。本文通过 3个部分分析了该技术的设备特点、工艺特点和经济性。通过对悬挂链移动曝气技术与设备的研究 ,为今后我国兴建污水处理厂提供了一条低投资、高效能的途径 ,使我国在较短时间内提高污水处理率成为可能     

茂兰自然保护区景观格局空间变化研究

为促进保护区生态环境和地区社会经济的可持续发展,应用2005、2010年茂兰地区高分辨率影像和1∶5万地形图,基于Arc GIS、FRAGSTATS软件平台,采用移动窗口法、DEM,对茂兰自然保护区景观格局的空间结构及其演化进行研究。结果表明:1)保护区景观格局呈明显的5个团状高值区,中心区域异质性显著;2)从实验区到核心区,SHDI下降65%,ED降幅46.73%,LSI下降49.71%,PD下降40.21%,同时CONTAG上升43.95%,LPI上升达107.01%,景观由实验区团状、均衡、破碎化,向南部农用地随道路的延伸而镶嵌分布的格局转化,其中缓冲区整体空间密度高,异质性强;3)研究区人工景观集中分布在坡度0°~5°之间,自然景观以35°~45°向两侧递减,5°~25°间面积最小,实验区格局演化呈良性,要防止居民点向陡坡地区蔓延;缓冲区与核心区格局演化呈不合理,缓冲区不但要防止居民点向陡坡地区蔓延,还应合理规划道路、还林还草,提高农用地利用效率;核心区毁林开荒现象较为严重,且农用地利用率低;4)造成格局差异的因素主要包括保护区发展的政策导向、特殊的地理形态以及不合理的土地利用。     

基于O3/UV法的消解终止自动确定方法

为了提高基于臭氧协同紫外（O₃/UV）法的COD在线监测装置的检测效率和检测精度,分析了不同水样在消解过程中二氧化碳气体生成浓度的变化率与有机物消解率之间的关系,提出了一种消解终止自动确定的检测方法.通过采集消解过程中各传感器的数据,基于使用滑动标准偏差法计算二氧化碳气体浓度变化率的标准差自动确定消解终止时间.对不同种类、不同浓度的有机物进行消解实验,发现在二氧化碳实时浓度的标准差小于0.003时,有机物基本消解完全,可认为达到反应终点.该方法不仅可用于COD的在线监测提高检测效率和检测精度,也对基于臭氧协同紫外（O₃/UV）法的废水处理具有指导意义.     

MBBR工艺中SNEDPR的启动及性能研究

为探究同步硝化内源反硝化除磷(SNEDPR)强化移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)工艺脱氮除磷的可行性,采用连续曝气和搅拌/曝气交替运行的MBBR反应器,以磁性填料作为载体处理模拟生活污水,考察了SNEDPR启动过程中的脱氮除磷性能,并结合荧光显微镜和高通量测序技术对各个功能菌群结构变化情况进行了分析.结果表明,经两阶段运行后,氨氮和磷去除率分别达到97.6%和85.37%,出水NO₂^-—N、NO₃^-—N和COD浓度分别为1.3949,3.88和20.4mg/L,同步硝化内源反硝化率(SNEDR)由0.07%逐渐升高至86.35%.好氧阶段同步硝化内源反硝化率的提高,使出水NO_x^-—N浓度下降,提高了系统的脱氮性能和厌氧阶段内碳源的储存量.荧光显微镜和高通量测序结果表明,经过53d的运行,微生物群落多样性呈显著提高,系统内GAOs、AOB、NOB丰度的提高(分别由接种污泥中的3.3%、0.84%和0.66%提高至系统内的27.08%/20.48%、1.45%/1.76%和1.05%/0.85%)和PAOs、DPAOs的存在,保证了系统的脱氮除磷性能,在MBBR工艺中实现了EBPR与SNED的耦合.     

移动床生物膜反应器处理生活污水的研究

通过小试规模的移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理陕西科技大学污水处理厂生活污水的实验研究,探讨了水力停留时间、冲击负荷、pH对反应器处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在HRT为10 h,进水ρ(COD)为300 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为35 mg/L,填料体积填充率为35%,pH为7左右时,MBBR反应器对COD、TN的去除率分别为87.38%、68%。     

2018年8月两次登陆北上台风移向的先兆信号分析

在分析台风“摩羯”（201814）和“温比亚”（201818）登陆北上异常路径的基础上,从近地面层气象要素场与台风位置动态配置入手,探寻了台风登陆后移向的近地面先兆信号,以此可修正数值模式的预报结果。主要结论如下:登陆后的台风尽管路径多变,但是近地面层气象要素还是会提供一些移向征兆。比如,地面3 h变压低值中心和地面露点高值中心,1 000 hPa高频流涡旋、渐近线或汇合点将是台风未来移动的方向;台风还有沿着流线密集带向其倒槽顶端移动的趋势。登陆后的台风没有趋暖性,而是沿地面温度低值区移动。由于地面要素受下垫面影响较为严重,所以在实际业务应用中应以地面3 h变压、地面露点与高频流场为主,地面温度和地面流场为辅。     

高沼气综采工作面瓦斯抽放方法的研究

应用采场三维瓦斯流动理论，论述了高沼气综采工作面邻近层瓦斯抽放的基本原理。提出了俯采综采工作面邻近层瓦斯的抽放方法，以及用一条边界专用瓦斯巷道，集中抽放钻孔一侧多区段无煤柱综采工作面对应时期邻近层瓦斯的方法。此方法应用于城子河煤矿三个综采工作面，瓦斯抽出率均在４０％以上，最高达７２％。     

WETLAND BOUNDARY DETERMINATION IN THE GREAT DISMAL SWAMP USING WEIGHTED AVERAGES1

ABSTRACT: A weighted average method was used to analyze transition zone vegetation in the Great Dismal Swamp to determine if a more uniform determination of wetland boundaries can be made nationwide. The method was applied to vegetation data collected on four transects and three vertical layers across the wetland-to-upland transition zone of the swamp. Ecological index values based on water tolerance were either taken from the literature or derived from local species tolerances. Wetland index values were calculated for 25-m increments using species cover and rankings based on the ecological indices. Wetland index values were used to designate increments as either wetland, transitional, or upland, and to examine the usefulness of a provisional wetland-upland break-point. Most increments were designated wetland or transitional when all species were used. Removal of three or five ubiquitous species either gave a wider range of wetland index values with a more variable designation of increments or caused designation of increments to be similar for all layers. The use of locally-derived rankings showed the sensitivity of the weighted averages method to ecological indices of species with large importance values. The weighted average method did not provide for an objective placement of an absolute wetland boundary, but did serve to focus attention on the transitional boundary zone where supplementary information is necessary to select a wetland-upland breakpoint.     

DESIGNATION OF WETLANDS BY WEIGHTED AVERAGES OF VEGETATION DATA: A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION1

ABSTRACT: Weighted averages (WA) was investigated as a vegetation-based method for wetland designation, to be used in conjunction with the wetland indicator status of plants from Wetland Plants of the United States of America 1986 (Reed, 1986). Ecological indices were assigned to indicator groups and were used to compute weighted averages for quantitative data obtained from four studies of wetland vegetation conducted in various regions of the United States. Weighted averages of vegetation data proved to be a useful tool for assessing wetland status of the vegetation types included in our study: (1) rankings of vegetation stands or types by WA correlated well with their positions on environmental moisture gradients; and (2) the results of WA could be used, together with a wetland/upland break-point, to designate vegetation types as wetland or upland in a way that agreed well, in three of the four studies, with an alternative classification of wetland habitats. The variation of weighted averages among the sampling units representing a vegetation type was generally small relative to the range of ecological indices assigned. However, designations based on weighted average scores close to the break-point should be considered provisional and must be verified with supplementary data on soils and hydrology.