陕西关中地区土地资源的优化配置

从分析陕西省关中地区土地资源利用现状结构特征及存在问题入手,运用灰色线性规划模型对土地利用结构进行优化配置。模型选取多个影响土地利用结构因子,并通过预测未来关中地区各行各业之用地需求及用地限制从而确定出各因子适当参数,进行模拟后得出典型备选方案。最后从综合效益及可行性双方面考虑,经层次分析法择出未来关中地区最优土地利用决策方案。     

城市环境噪声测量中布点数的优化研究

应用主成分分析,模糊聚类概念及动态规划方法对环境噪声测量的布点数进行优化研究。所建立的模型试用于厦门市环境噪声布点数的优化研究。     

辐射型生态工程结构优化研究

本文根据辐射型生态工程——星火养殖场的生产情况,建立新型投入产出模型,结合线性规划模型,对系统结构进行综合评价和优化设计。模式Ⅰ优化结果,利润最大值41万元,是实际值的4倍;模式Ⅱ的最优结构与模式Ⅰ的相同,利润最大值77万元。结果表明,充分利用系统设施和不断采用新技术是取得最佳效益的两个重要方面。     

摆动辗压成形工艺过程控制

根据摆辗工艺要求 ,建立摆动辗压工艺过程的控制模型 ,应用PLC控制技术实现摆辗压工艺过程控制 ,并介绍了相关的控制方式以及控制程序的特点     

不完备信息条件下流域环境系统规划方法研究

开发了一套新的流域环境系统规划方法，该方法将不确定性模型多目标规划模型与系统动力学模型有机地集成在一起，构成一个完整的体系，ＩＦＭＯＰ充分考虑到了流域环境规划所面临的信息不完备问题，将不确定性信息直接引入优化过程。从而得到以区间数表示的不确定性优化解。     

最小一乘回归系数估计及其MATLAB实现

采用最小二乘准则进行回归分析和数据拟合时,容易受到奇异点的影响,最小一乘准则虽能很好地克服这一缺陷,但又由于它是不可微优化问题,存在计算上的困难.本文对最小一乘准则下线性回归模型分析,转化为线性规划问题,利用MATLAB软件快速、准确地估计出最小一乘线性回归的系数,算例说明这种方法是一种有效的参数估计方法.对于非线性问题,可通过线性化而转化为线性问题,用上述方法进行处理.     

AHP与SMART方法在环境工程方案评比中的应用

本文以某大型污水海洋处置工程的方案评选工作为背景，介绍了ＡＨＰ和ＳＭＡＲＴ多目标决策方法在环境规划与决策中的应用。具体叙述了方案选优的总技术路线，目标体系的建立，目标相对权重的确定，指标值的评判与规范、方案排序与结果灵敏度和合理性分析等内容。结果表明，ＡＨＰ与ＳＭＡＲＴ方法相结合，是适于环境工程方案评选的一种较科学合理的方法。     

LINEAR PROGRAMS FOR NONLINEAR HYDROLOGIC ESTIMATION1

ABSTRACT: The minimization of the sum of absolute deviations and the minimization of the absolute maximum deviation (mini-max) were transformed into equivalent linear programs for the estimation of parameters in a transient and linear hydrologic system. It is demonstrated that these two methods yield viable parameter estimates that are globally optimal and reproduce properly the timing and magnitude of hydrologic events and associated variables such as total runoff. The two linear estimation methods compared favorably with the popular least-squares nonlinear estimation method. The generality of the theoretical developments shows that linear program equivalents are adequate competitors of nonlinear methods of hydrologic estimation and parameter calibration.     

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT RULES DERWED WITH THE AID OF MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUES1

ABSTRACT: The determination of optimum reservoir operating rules for reservoirs with multiple conflicting objectives is still a difficult task - despite many publications in this field. In this paper a three-step Multi Objective Decision Making (MODM) method is presented, the emphasis of which is placed on the necessity to make the work easy for the decision maker, which many MODM techniques fail to achieve. The method is applied to the development of a compromise optimum operating rule for a multi-purpose reservoir. In the first step of the method stochastic DP is chosen which is combined with the “weighting method” allowing combination of various objectives into one objective function. By systematically varying the weights for the objectives a large number of pareto optimum reservoir operating rules is generated. In the second step of the method the performance of all these operating rules is tested with the aid of a model simulating reservoir operation. The results are statistically analyzed and the reliabilities for attaining the various objectives are computed. The third step of the model applies another MODM technique which allows the decision maker - in a computer dialog - to select his optimum reservoir operating rule from the large number of pareto optimum solutions generated in step 1. Here he can specify his preferences for the various objectives. For this purpose two alternative MODM techniques are offered: Compromise Programming and the SEMOPS method. Their performance is shown along with the generation and selection of operating rules for the multi-objective Wupper reservoir system in Germany.     

THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL GROUNDWATER CONSERVATION IN ACHIEVING ZERO OVERDRAFT IN ARIZONA1

ABSTRACT: The elimination of groundwater overdraft was a key feature of the 1980 Arizona Groundwater Management Act. To achieve this goal, the Arizona Department of Water Resources identified several Active Management Areas and developed urban, industrial, and agricultural water conservation plans. This study examines the reductions in groundwater use through agricultural water conservation in the Phoenix Active Management Area (AMA). Linear programming models are developed to analyze changes in groundwater use and net returns to agriculture over a 38-year period, 1990 to 2025, for farming areas in the Phoenix AMA. Results indicate that the agricultural conservation program provides only modest groundwater savings under a wide range of scenarios. The low level of savings is partly due to the current economically efficient use of water. Other policy measures such as retiring agricultural land may be necessary if the Phoenix AMA is to meet its overdraft reduction goals; even if urban water conservation goals are met.