区域环评中大气环境容量估算的研究进展

目前,在大气环境影响评价中,区域大气环境容量的研究是实施大气污染物总量控制的前提.文章综述了大气污染物区域环境容量的主要影响因素、用于其计算的空气质量模型以及大气环境容量研究的一般步骤.现阶段应用较广泛的大气环境容量的预测模型有A-P值法模型、箱模型、线性优化模型、ADMS模型及多种模型相结合的复合模式等,通过研究分析,提出了现阶段大气环境容量研究存在的主要问题及其有效的解决途径.     

农药杀虫单的稻田流失规律研究

通过测坑、人工降雨等手段，对水溶性农药杀虫单的稻田消解动态、渗漏流失和径流流失等进行了研究。结果表明，(1)无水稻时，杀虫单在稻田水中消解的半衰期为0．76d；分蘖初期，杀虫单在稻田水中降解的半衰期为1．02d；平均为0．89d。(2)杀虫单的渗漏流失量在用药后8d内可达总用药量的7％—10％，平均为8．48％。(3)极端情况下，用药当天如果遇暴雨(50mm雨量)，杀虫单的径流流失量将达到用药量的30％左右。杀虫单的渗漏损失不可避免，故其流失控制应从径流损失着手，尽量避免在可能有暴雨的当天或雨前1—2d用药。     

Carry-over of dietary organochlorine pesticides, PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and brominated flame retardants to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fillets

Information on carry-over of contaminants from feed to animal food products is essential for appropriate human risk assessment of feed contaminants. The carry-over of potentially hazardous persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from feed to fillet was assessed in consumption sized Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Relative carry-over (defined as the fraction of a certain dietary POP retained in the fillet) was assessed in a controlled feeding trial, which provided fillet retention of dietary organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), dioxins (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Highest retention was found for OCPs, BFRs and PCBs (31-58%), and the lowest retentions were observed for PCDD/Fs congeners (10-34%). National monitoring data on commercial fish feed and farmed Atlantic salmon on the Norwegian market were used to provide commercially relevant feed-to-fillet transfer factors (calculated as fillet POP level divided by feed POP level), which ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, which is a factor 5-10 times higher than reported for terrestrial meat products. For the OCP with one of the highest relative carry-over, toxaphene, uptake and elimination kinetics were established. Model simulations that are based on the uptake and elimination kinetics gave predicted levels that were in agreement with the measured values. Application of the model to the current EU upper limit for toxaphene in feed (50 μg kg⁻¹) gave maximum fillet levels of 22 μg kg⁻¹, which exceeds the estimated permissible level (21 μg kg⁻¹) for toxaphene in fish food samples in Norway.     

武钢金山店铁矿某通风系统项目评估

介绍了金山店铁矿通风系统多级站和机站设计；阐述了该项目的施工，检测及通风效果评估情况；对安全生产提出了全面，系统的建议。     

水安全及城市水安全研究进展与趋势

归纳和总结国内外水安全及城市水安全相关研究实践及其所用的评价指标体系,并对几种常用模型与方法的应用情况及其各自的特点进行分析,针对目前水安全及城市水安全研究中存在的主要问题,指出水安全及城市水安全进一步研究的方向:从自然、生态环境、社会经济、人文4个基本方向,以系统性、持续性、动态性和层次性4个特征为基础,分析水安全及城市水安全的概念与内涵;根据研究区域特征及其主要水安全问题建立评价指标体系;以研究者对各个模型的理解程度及驾驭能力为准则选用或改造现有模型与方法;针对加强城市应急水源地建设、突发性水安全事件应急预案、湿润地区水安全等问题开展研究。     

危险化学品道路运输安全管理现状及发展趋势研究

为降低危化品运输风险,从危化品运输风险评价、道路选线模型、技术应用、应急联动机制及平台建设、统一联控监管平台等方面进行研究分析。通过对微观视角与宏观视角、单一应用与综合应用的归类和对比,进行分析并指出存在的问题。分析表明,获取精确连续数据,考虑多种外在变量来完善评估模型,注重理论、技术和监管资源的综合应用,发展大区域联控平台将是今后研究的发展趋势。     

Sludge reduction during brewery wastewater treatment by hydrolyzation-food chain reactor system

During brewery wastewater treatment by a hydrolyzation-food chain reactor (FCR) system, sludge was recycled to the anaerobic segment. With the function of hydrolyzation acidification in the anaerobic segment and the processes of aerobic oxidation and antagonism, predation, interaction and symbiosis among microbes in multilevel oxidation segment, residual sludge could be reduced effectively. The 6-month dynamic experiments show that the average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal ratio was 92.6% and average sludge production of the aerobic segment was 8.14%, with the COD of the influent at 960–1720 mg/L and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h. Since the produced sludge could be recycled and hydrolyzed in the anaerobic segment, no excess sludge was produced during the steady running for this system.     

城市绿地系统服务价值定量评价的研究进展

文章从生态服务价值的角度出发,综合评述了目前国内外城市绿地系统服务价值研究动态,包括固碳释氧、降温增湿、防灾减灾等生态、社会效益的货币化度量,以及国外利用"3S"技术构建城市绿地系统服务价值评价模型等方面。指出当前城市绿地系统服务价值评价的两个新方向是:城市绿地与房地产价格之间的相关性,以及城市绿地防灾减灾功能的探讨与研究。     

Structural equation model analysis for the evaluation of overall driving performance: A driving simulator study focusing on driver distraction

Objective: The present research relies on 2 main objectives. The first is to investigate whether latent model analysis through a structural equation model can be implemented on driving simulator data in order to define an unobserved driving performance variable. Subsequently, the second objective is to investigate and quantify the effect of several risk factors including distraction sources, driver characteristics, and road and traffic environment on the overall driving performance and not in independent driving performance measures.

Methods: For the scope of the present research, 95 participants from all age groups were asked to drive under different types of distraction (conversation with passenger, cell phone use) in urban and rural road environments with low and high traffic volume in a driving simulator experiment. Then, in the framework of the statistical analysis, a correlation table is presented investigating any of a broad class of statistical relationships between driving simulator measures and a structural equation model is developed in which overall driving performance is estimated as a latent variable based on several individual driving simulator measures.

Results: Results confirm the suitability of the structural equation model and indicate that the selection of the specific performance measures that define overall performance should be guided by a rule of representativeness between the selected variables. Moreover, results indicate that conversation with the passenger was not found to have a statistically significant effect, indicating that drivers do not change their performance while conversing with a passenger compared to undistracted driving. On the other hand, results support the hypothesis that cell phone use has a negative effect on driving performance. Furthermore, regarding driver characteristics, age, gender, and experience all have a significant effect on driving performance, indicating that driver-related characteristics play the most crucial role in overall driving performance.

Conclusions: The findings of this study allow a new approach to the investigation of driving behavior in driving simulator experiments and in general. By the successful implementation of the structural equation model, driving behavior can be assessed in terms of overall performance and not through individual performance measures, which allows an important scientific step forward from piecemeal analyses to a sound combined analysis of the interrelationship between several risk factors and overall driving performance.     

Perceived mastery climate,felt trust,and knowledge sharing

Interpersonal trust is associated with a range of adaptive outcomes, including knowledge sharing. However, to date, our knowledge of antecedents and consequences of employees feeling trusted by supervisors in organizations remains limited. On the basis of a multisource, multiwave field study among 956 employees from 5 Norwegian organizations, we examined the predictive roles of perceived mastery climate and employee felt trust for employees' knowledge sharing. Drawing on the achievement goal theory, we develop and test a model to demonstrate that when employees perceive a mastery climate, they are more likely to feel trusted by their supervisors at both the individual and group levels. Moreover, the relationship between employees' perceptions of a mastery climate and supervisor‐rated knowledge sharing is mediated by perceptions of being trusted by the supervisor. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of our findings are discussed.