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91.
基于韧性理念的海岸带生态修复规划方法及应用 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
生态修复是海岸带空间规划的重要组成部分,而韧性理念中有关规划-吸收-恢复-适应的演化规律对于海岸带生态修复具有重要的指导意义。以沙化较为典型的海南木兰湾海岸带区域为例,开展海岸带国土空间生态修复规划的方法及应用研究,基于沙化脆弱性和生态系统服务的空间耦合分析划分不同类型空间,并分区制定生态修复规划方案。研究结果表明:(1)沙化脆弱性高的区域主要是旱地和沙地,面积达21.8%,生态系统服务高的区域主要是林地、水域、湿地,面积达67.5%。(2)重建修复区主要位于鱼塘、旱地一带,占总面积的16.4%;人工辅助修复区主要位于旱地以及迎风面一带,面积达5.5%;适度开发区多为基本完全沙化区域,面积为15.8%。相关评估结果和生态修复规划方案能够揭示生态系统各关键因子之间的胁迫-响应机理,为海岸带沙化区域的生态修复及恢复提供科学支撑。 相似文献
92.
Emotional appeal in recruitment advertising and applicant attraction: Unpacking national cultural differences 下载免费PDF全文
We investigated the impact of the type of emotional appeal (ego‐focused vs. other‐focused) used in recruiting advertisements on applicant attraction to firms through two experimental studies across three countries (the United States, China, and Singapore). In Study 1, we made a traditional cultural comparison between the United States and China, whose dominant cultural values are characterized by individualism and collectivism, respectively. We found applicants in the United States were more strongly attracted to firms whose recruiting advertisements were based on an ego‐focused emotional appeal, while applicants in China were more attracted to firms that used ads with an other‐focused emotional appeal. Study 2 was conducted in bicultural Singapore. We primed bicultural applicants to be either the individualistic or collectivistic aspect of their cultural heritage. Applicants with individualist priming were attracted to recruiting advertisements with an ego‐focused emotional appeal, whereas applicants with collectivist priming were attracted to advertisements with an other‐focused emotional appeal. In addition, both studies revealed that a job applicant's regulatory focus (promotion vs. prevention) mediated the influence of national culture on the relationship between type of emotional appeal and applicant attraction to firms. Practical implications and suggestions for future research also are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
93.
Abstract: Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a popular conservation strategy, but their impacts on human welfare are poorly understood. To inform future research and policy decisions, we reviewed the scientific literature to assess MPA impacts on five indicators of human welfare: food security, resource rights, employment, community organization, and income. Following MPA establishment, food security generally remained stable or increased in older and smaller MPAs. The ability of most fishing groups to govern MPA resources changed. Increased resource rights were positively correlated with MPA zoning and compliance with MPA regulations. Small sample sizes precluded statistical tests of the impacts of MPAs on employment, community organization, and income. Our results demonstrate that MPAs shape the social well‐being and political power of fishing communities; impacts (positive and negative) vary within and among social groups; and social impacts are correlated with some—but not all—commonly hypothesized explanatory factors. Accordingly, MPAs may represent a viable strategy for enhancing food security and empowering local communities, but current practices negatively affect at least a minority of fishers. To inform policy making, further research must better document and explain variation in the positive and negative social impacts of MPAs. 相似文献
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农村环境问题是中国环境保护面临的又一严峻挑战,深入探讨其成因是解决问题的关键.中国农村环境问题是多方面因素共同作用的结果,但其根本是城乡居民经济水平差距的日趋扩大使农村发展重经济轻环境、城乡环境权益的不平等使农村承担城市转嫁污染而得不到补偿,以及城乡统筹发展过程中未真正将农村与城市平等对待的偏差. 相似文献
97.
灾害对我国国民经济的作用模式研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
深入地分析了灾害对我国粮食播种面积、粮食产量以及国民经济生产总值增长的影响,在此基础上总结了灾害对我国国民经济产生影响的基本作用模式。 相似文献
98.
临海浙江翼龙及长尾雁荡鸟化石赋存于浙东小雄盆地晚白垩世形成的地层中。通过对比化石骨骼结构及生态习性,结合对地质背景、古地理、古生态环境及化石产地剖面岩性岩相、沉积构造、化石赋存状态、古植物及孢粉组合等研究认为:小雄盆地继承了早白垩世晚期永康期陆相盆地的构造格局,晚白垩世小雄早期,盆地间分布众多残存的湖泊沼泽,它们是翼龙类和鸟类最后的栖息地。受间歇性火山喷发影响,空落相火山碎屑物导致的湖泊萎缩及沼泽化、水体酸化、气候干热等是造成生活在湖泊沼泽周边和翱翔于天空中的翼龙及鸟类集群死亡的主要因素。小雄中晚期,浙东地区经历了较大规模的酸性岩浆喷溢及火山喷发堆积,为临海国家地质公园流纹岩地貌演化奠定了物质基础。 相似文献
99.
"十三五"时期,我国通过政策和法制改革有效地促进了污染防治和生态环境保护工作。"十四五"时期,须进一步加强政策和法制的针对性和灵活性,从充分性和均衡度两个方面提升我国区域、流域和行业生态环境国家治理的综合绩效。为此,需要发挥党内法规和国家立法的相互支持作用,促进国家立法的有效实施;中央与地方签订行政协议,调动地方深入开展生态环保工作的积极性;推进流域与区域的专门立法或者协同立法,通过体制制度和机制的集成创新促进实际问题的解决;按照流域与区域生态环保目标设立生态环境标准,体现生态环保工作的针对性和因地制宜性;实行"法定义务+企业承诺"履行制度,因企制宜地落实各生产经营单位的生态环保责任;国家需要总结和推广一些地方探索和有效实施的灵活性工作制度,并发挥市场机制对生态环境资源和生态环保产业发展的调节作用。 相似文献
100.
Theodore M. Schad 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(2):302-312
ABSTRACT: In 1973 the National Water Commission concluded its five-year study of national water policy by issuing a massive report containing over 200 recommendations for improvements in the way the Nation deals with its water resources. The Carter Administration is now engaged in another water policy review which incorporates many of the policies espoused by the National Water Commission. In this paper, presented at the 13th American Water Resources Conference in Tucson in November of 1977, the author describes the work of the National Water Commission and the actions taken on its recommendations. 相似文献