Transforming the Integrated Conservation and Development Project (ICDP) Approach: Observations from the Ranomafana National Park Project, Madagascar

Preservation of the biological diversity and ecosystems in protected areas can be achieved through projects linking conservation of the protected areas with improved standards of living for resident peoples within surrounding buffer zones. This is the hypothetical claim of the integrated conservation and development project (ICDP) approach to protected area management. This paper, based on several years of experience with the Ranomafana National Park Project in Madagascar, questions the major assumptions of this approach from ethical and practical perspectives. The four basic strategies available to ICDPs – protected areas, buffer zones, compensation, and economic development – are analyzed and shown to be deficient or untested in the case of Ranomafana. Recommendations are made to explore conservation models other than the western conception of the national park, to modify the notion of a buffer zone outside the protected area, to redistribute money or other resources directly to the poor people living in and around the protected areas, and to eliminate the middle men in the development business. An appeal is made to focus on local education, organization and discipline in order to promote self-determination and self-reliance among resident peoples of protected areas. The paper argues that a public works program, similar to the Roosevelt administration's Civilian Conservation Corps of the 1930s, funded through a hard-currency endowment or other innovative financing mechanism, should be tried as a replacement for the currently questionable ICDP approach at Ranomafana.     

民族旅游可持续发展与生态旅游理念

阐述了民族旅游开发对民族文化产生的负面影响及产生这些影响的原因，在辨证看待民族文化保护与研究民族旅游发展轨迹的基础上，探讨了民族旅游的可持续发展理念。通过与生态旅游的对比，认为两者的理念本质上是一致的。生态旅游的理念对民族旅游的可持续发展有着积极的指导意义。     

论国家公园模式在生态旅游区开发管理中的发展

随着社会经济的发展以及人们环境意识的提高，生态旅游的发展方向逐渐为旅游者和旅游从业者所广泛认同。但是，在生态旅游区的开发中，尤其是在以国家公园模式为主对生态旅游的开发管理的过程中，还存在很多亟待解决的问题。本文分析了我国西部生态旅游区的资源特点和现行的国家公园模式中生态旅游的开发管理现状，并在此基础上，对其开发模式的发展趋势作了前瞻性总结。     

国防科技工业自然环境试验站网运行及管理探讨

通过对国内外自然环境试验的管理现状和发展趋势的分析,结合国防科技工业自然环境试验站网实际情况进行深入研究,已初步形成国防站网运行、管理基本体系,形成了一套较为系统的站网管理评价办法.其中政策支持是基础,运行机制、站网管理、共享机制、服务模式、站网评价是核心.重点对目前管理较为薄弱的核心内容进行了介绍.     

突发公共事件应急心理干预机制的构建

突发公共事件往往会对人造成多方面的伤害,特别是对人的心理影响不容忽视,为突发公共事件受害人提供心理援助和应急心理干预,有助于社会公众及当事人正确对待突发事件的影响,对和谐社会的构建和安定的社会局面也有重要的意义。该文提出了加强突发公共事件国家心理预警和应急社会心理干预机制构建的重要作用,分析了心理干预机制构建的“四大因素”和基本原则;以抢险救援人员、社会公众、灾难性事故与事件的受害人为应急心理干预的对象,介绍了应急心理干预的基本任务与侧重点。最后,在分析的基础上,提出应将重大灾害的心理危机干预列入突发公共事件的应急预案。     

国家能源供应时空协调——基本概念、理论与方法

能源保障时空协调所表现的是国家或地区能源供应保障系统的整体发育状态。论文分析了国家矿物燃料的空间分布状态及时空协调过程。分析的结果表明:由于矿物燃料资源存在着明显的空间收敛特征,当工业化和城镇化发展不断寻求更高质量能源的消费需求时,国家能源供应保障系统的发育空间便迅速从区域或国家转向全球。换言之,只有在消费需求增长(时间过程)与供应范围有效扩展(空间过程)两者有机协调时国家能源供应保障体系才能获得正常发育。显然,只有在时空两者的发育达到了动态吻合,并具备抵御系统发育抗击各种外部环境干扰能力之时,国家或地区能源供应的保障才可能得以最终实现。     

国民政府对1931年江淮水灾救治述论

1931年,江淮流域发生特大水灾。南京国民政府积极应对,在制度上建立起协调和组织全国性救灾机构——国民政府救济会,颁布了多项救灾规章制度,制定和丰富赈款募集办法和途径;在实践上以急赈为先,继之开展卫生防疫、以工代赈和农赈等救灾措施。国民政府在救灾中起着主导作用,凸显了政府强力介入公共领域力量,也显示了政府企图通过民族灾难来进行国家整合的努力。     

国土调查中的遥感目视解译与矢量化方法研究

通过计算机自动分类判读发现,计算机自动分类方法由于“同物异谱,异物同谱”现象的普遍存在,会产生很多错分、漏分现象。又因为影像结构的特殊性,在计算机生成的矢量图形边界中,产生大量的锯齿。以第二次国土调查为背景,探讨更适合现有技术条件下的解译方法和模式,以提高土地利用现状调查的成果质量,掌握真实准确的土地基础数据。     

Toward an Understanding of the Development of Ownership Feelings

Psychological ownership is increasingly recognized as a core feeling in the experience of work. Within jobs and the work context, there is a wide range of opportunities to experience psychological ownership. Yet empirical work on how feelings of ownership develop is lacking, and thus ways to develop psychological ownership in the workplace are not well understood. We explore the routes traveled to feelings of ownership by using job complexity as one example of work environment structure that affects the formation of psychological ownership. In two studies, we develop measures of the routes and confirm that perceived differences in one's work meaningfully predict psychological ownership. Collectively, the two studies provide insight into and offer suggestions for how ownership develops and ways in which managers might foster employee feelings of ownership toward their work. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于呼吸器用气瓶阀国家标准的探讨

呼吸器是一种自给式的呼吸保护器具,被广泛运用到消防、化工、船舶、石油、矿山等行业,其主要分为空气呼吸器、氧气呼吸器、氮氧混合呼吸器和潜水呼吸器。一直以来,作为特种设备的呼吸器用气瓶阀并没有相关的国家标准,而GB 15382-2011《气瓶阀通用技术条件》并不包括呼吸器用气瓶阀,因此有必要制定相关的国家标准来对其进行规范。目前,《空气呼吸器用气瓶阀技术条件》国家标准已经出台征求意见稿,本文针对意见稿的相关内容,对阀门进出气口连接型式、过滤装置、限流要求、泄压装置及爆破压力等方面提出相关意见和建议。