江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区湿地生态系统评价

鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖。鄱阳湖自然保护区以其独特的地形地貌，在亚热带湿润季风气候综合作用下，形成了一个多功能的复合湿地生态系统。根据湿地三条划分标准：有充分的水分、有机质含量较高的土壤及适应于此环境的植被。鄱阳湖自然保护区属淡水湿地生态系统。本文从水文、土壤、生物组成和系统功能等方面论述了鄱阳湖自然保护区湿地生态系统的特征，进而进行分类和综合评价。保护区按使用者效益、非使用者效益两部分分类。在综合评价的基础上，针对保护区水面减少、管理方法、经营使用形式老化、人为干扰及血吸虫病等存在的问题，就加强保护区建设提出４项建议。     

城市环境美学及其评价

城市环境美是自然美与人工美的结合。它的主要组成因素有：自然景观、城市建筑艺术、人文景观、环境气氛美和社会服务好。本文系统论述了城市环境美的基本因素及其美学特征，还介绍了评价城市环境美的科学方法。     

铜鼓岭自然保护区及其周围地区资源管理技术探讨

本文在对海南岛铜鼓岭自然保护区实际调查的基础上,为解决保护区管理中的一些主要问题,提出一些能够发挥当地热带自然条件优势、合理且持续利用自然资源的技术途径,即建立一个以沼气发酵为中心枢纽,将种植业、养殖业、加工业及人类生活能源等有机相联的综合生产系统。这将改善保护区缓冲区及其周围地区退化土地的生产力,提高经济、社会和环境三个效益,从而促进对核心区的有效管理和保护。     

天目山自然保护区柳杉种群种内和种间竞争

调查了天目山自然保护区老殿、大树王和禅源寺3个柳杉典型样地,以研究竞争在柳杉种群衰退中的作用。结果表明,柳杉基本上是柳杉群落的单一优势种,相对优势度占58.79%～93.34%;单位面积内柳杉胸高截面积达59.96m2·hm-2,材积达904.9m3·hm-2。柳杉群落存在较严重的竞争,单木竞争指数以老殿最大,平均达4.35;大树王最小,平均为0.58。以竞争指数测度的竞争强度表明,种内竞争大于种间竞争。柳杉单株竞争强度与胸径成反比。认为种内竞争是导致柳杉种群衰退的重要原因之一。     

The ‘green’ and ‘self’ in green self-governance – a study of 264 green space initiatives by citizens

Scholars observe an increased involvement of citizens in green space governance. This paper focuses on green self-governance, in which citizens play a major role in realizing, protecting and/or managing green space. While existing research on green self-governance focuses mostly on specific cases, we aim to contribute towards a large overview via an inventory of 264 green self-governance practices across The Netherlands. With this, we discuss the relevance of green self-governance for nature conservation and its relationship with authorities. In our analysis, we show that green self-governance practices are very diverse: they pursue a wide variety of physical and social objectives; employ a multitude of physical and political activities; involve different actors besides citizens; mobilize different internal and external funding sources; and are active within and outside of protected areas. While green self-governance can contribute towards protection and management of green space and towards social values, we highlight that this contribution is mostly of a local relevance. Most practices are small scale and objectives do not always match those of authorities. Although we speak of self-governance, authorities play an important role in many practices, for example, as financial donor, landowner or regulatory authority. In this, self-governance is often not completely ‘self’.

Abbreviations: PAA: Policy Arrangement Approach; NNN: National Nature Network; N2000: Natura 2000; NCOs: Nature Conservation Organizations; NGOs: Non-governmental organizations     

大气污染：危害人类健康的“无形杀手”

环境保护是事关人类生存发展的战略性、全球性、世纪性的大课题,而大气污染则城市环境问题的首要问题,作者站在创建“生态环境医学”的制高点上,引证了大量翔实的例症,剖析了大气污染给人类生态环境身健康所带来的种种危害和机理,并从多角度提示了标本兼治大气污染的应急措施,从而疾呼“地球人”要确立科学的发展,坚定地走经济发展、环境保护、生态文明的可持续发展之路,这才是“依法治气”的根本之策。     

中国自然保护区生态旅游开发模式选择探讨

自然保护区建设的主要任务是保护自然资源和生态系统不遭受破坏,为了解决旅游发展与自然保护之间的矛盾,对中国自然保护区旅游发展模式进行了选择。在自然保护区进行生态旅游开发必须选择保护性模式,并根据中国各自然保护区的实际状况,结合采用可持续发展的自然保护区生态旅游特色开发模式,达到自然保护区生态旅游资源永续利用和生态旅游业可持续发展的目的。     

Inventories and maps: cognitive ways of framing the nature policies in Europe

Since the Earth Summit in Rio, declining biodiversity has become a subject of general concern for many countries. To counter these negative trends, government nature policies in Europe at least are now thought out primarily in terms of networks. They concern new areas outside nature reserves, new players and new management strategies. Consequently, these policies should themselves become the subject of new public debate. Our study concerns the analysis of the forms used to collect the data required to set up the European Union's Natura 2000 network and maps drawn as part of the Council of Europe's Pan-European Ecological Network strategy. The aim of this article, which takes the perspective developed by the sociology of science, will be to show how the forms and maps used in these new nature policies produce knowledge that precedes policy discussions to search for the best possible socio-political compromises. In other words, the knowledge that is collected in and by means of these documents, forms and maps offers a cognitive way of ‘framing’ the subsequent public debates. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

白马雪山国家级自然保护区与周边社区冲突分析

针对白马雪山国家级自然保护区与周边社区村民在环保观念、管理模式、资源利用以及补偿措施等方面的矛盾冲突,对其产生的原因进行了分析,并从社区经济发展、社区村民传统生活习惯约束、社区管理机构完善和少数民族传统文化有效利用等方面提出了主要的缓解冲突的措施和方法。     

The need for ecocentrism in biodiversity conservation

Over the past 5 decades, scientists have been documenting negative anthropogenic environmental change, expressing increasing alarm, and urging dramatic socioecological transformation in response. A host of international meetings have been held, but the erosion of biological diversity continues to accelerate. Why, then, has no effective political action been taken? We contend that part of the answer may lie in the anthropocentric ethical premises and moral rhetoric typically deployed in the cause of conservation. We further argue that it is essential to advance moral arguments for biodiversity conservation that are not just based on perceived human interests but on ecocentric values, namely, convictions that species and ecosystems have value and interests that should be respected regardless of whether they serve human needs and aspirations. A broader array of moral rationales for biodiversity conservation, we conclude, would be more likely to lead to effective plans, adopted and enforced by governments, designed to conserve biological diversity. A good place to start in this regard would be to explicitly incorporate ecocentric values into the recommendations that will be made at the conclusion of the 15th meeting of the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, scheduled to be held in October 2020.