油田稠油污水生物处理技术研究

针对稠油污水的特点,利用序批式生物反应器SBR对微生物进行了培养、驯化进而在稠油污水中生存、繁殖试验,并对其中的有机物进行了降解转化,生成稳定的CO2、H2O、NH3,利用该方法可以对稠油污水进行净化处理。试验结果表明,采用SBR工艺可使原水中CODCr从323 mg/L降至72 mg/L,去除率为77.7%;BOD从90 mg/L降至14.4 mg/L,去除率为84%;悬浮物从200 mg/L降至47 mg/L,去除率为76.5%。成功地解决了稠油污水的达标外排问题。     

油基钻屑处理处置研究新进展

油基钻屑是在勘探和开采油气资源的钻井过程中产生的一种典型危险废弃物。本文首先将现有各类繁杂技术划分为处置技术和处理技术,再通过进一步细化分类,系统综述了每项技术的原理、优缺点及应用潜力,总结出了“环保达标、经济可行”的处理处置基本原则,指出高值资源化是未来的研究方向之一。     

运用模糊数学法对焚烧烟气处理方法进行综合评价

运用模糊数学法的理论对城市生活垃圾及特种垃圾焚烧烟气的各种处理方法进行综合评价,提出合理的处理方法。     

炼油厂废水处理的探讨

为探讨生化法的最佳处理效果,针对普通推流式活性污泥法组织了长达一年的正交试验,选择ＣＯＤ、硫化物、温度、ＤＯ为考虑因素,选用Ｌ９（４３）正交表,进行四因素三水平的正交试验。经重复试验选出最佳参数,将其应用于污水处理后,合格率有了明显提高,同时减轻了操作工的劳动强度,取得了较好的社会效益、经济效益和环境效益。     

石油企业机械加工废水处理设施的调查与评价

通过调查石油企业机械加工废水５５套处理设施的运行情况及处理效果,介绍了机械加工废水的来源、性质和目前机械加工废水处理采用的工艺方法。目前,石油企业投入了大量的资金用于机械加工废水处理,基本解决了机加工废水污染问题。但是,石油企业机加工废水处理率低于国家平均水平,处理运行费高于国家同期水平,现行处理技术基本能满足废水处理的要求,处理设施尚有潜力可挖。建议加强对现有处理设施的管理,推广“清洁生产”技术保证废水经处理后达标排放或回用。     

航空垃圾的特性研究及其处理处置探讨

本文通过大量的实测数据,对国内航空垃圾的物理特性和化学元素组成进行了分析,对其排放情况进行了研究,并以此为依据进行了航空的处理和处置的探讨。     

卷烟厂综合废水处理及其实效

介绍了卷烟厂废水来源及处理工艺,分析了废水处理后的效果。     

对厦门市生活垃圾处置的思考

分析了西欧3个国家的生活垃圾处理情况,综述了对厦门在建设海湾型生态城市中的垃圾减量化,无害化,资源化的展望.     

Organic Contaminants from Sewage Sludge Applied to Agricultural Soils. False Alarm Regarding Possible Problems for Food Safety? (8 pp)

Goal, Scope and Background Sewage sludge produced in wastewater treatment contains large amounts of organic matter and nutrients and could, therefore, be suitable as fertiliser. However, with the sludge, besides heavy metals and pathogenic bacteria, a variety of organic contaminants can be added to agricultural fields. Whether the organic contaminants from the sludge can have adverse effects on human health and wildlife if these compounds enter the food chain or groundwater still remains a point of controversial discussion. Main Features This paper presents an overview on the present situation in Europe and a summary of some recent results on the possible uptake of organic contaminants by crops after addition to agricultural fields by sewage sludge. Results Greenhouse experiments and field trials were performed to study the degradation and uptake of organic micro-contaminants in sludge-amended agricultural soil in crops, such as barley and carrots grown in agricultural soil amended with anaerobically-treated sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, but studies hitherto have revealed no immediate risks. Common sludge contaminants such as linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), bis(diethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), showed neither accumulation in soil nor uptake in plants. Discussion It is assumed that the annual amount of sewage sludge produced in Europe will increase in the future, mainly due to larger amounts of high quality drinking water needed by an increasing population and due to increasing demands for cleaner sewage water. Application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils is sustainable and economical due to nutrient cycling and disposal of sewage sludge. However, this solution also involves risks with respect to the occurrence of organic contaminants and other potentially harmful contents such as pathogens and heavy metals present in the sludge. There have been concerns that organic contaminants may accumulate in the soil, be taken up by plants and thereby transferred to humans via the food chain. Results obtained so far revealed, however, no immediate risk of accumulation of common organic sludge contaminants in soil or uptake in plants when applying sewage sludge to agricultural soil. With very high dosages of sewage sludge, there may be a risk for accumulation of very apolar contaminants, such as DEHP, to the soil. Conclusions Any conclusions on the safe use of sewage sludge in agriculture have to be drawn carefully, as the studies performed until now have been limited. Further studies are required, and before final statements can be drawn, it is imminent to study a larger variety of common crops and the effect sewage sludge application may have on a possible accumulation of organic contaminants in the crops. Furthermore, a larger variety of organic contaminants need to be studied and special focus should be given to contaminants newly introduced into the environment. Besides investigating possible plant uptake of organic contaminants, the fate of these compounds in soil after sludge application need to be monitored too. Here, special attention has to begiven to studies on degradation and the formation of degradation products, to weathering and to leaching effects on groundwater, to the application of different crops on the same field (crop rotation), to the use of full-width tillage and strip tillage, and to long term application of sewage sludge on the soil. Recommendations and Perspectives There are environmental, political as well as economical incentives to increase the agricultural application of sludge. However, such usage should be performed with care as there are also ways in which sludge fertilisation could harm the environment and human health. Recently, a new European COST Action (859) has been established covering the field of food safety and improved food quality. Part of the Action is dealing with the application of sewage sludge in agriculture. Before any political and economical measures can be taken, the pros and cons have to be sufficiently investigated on a scientific level first. ESS-Submission Editor: Prof. Elena Maestri (elena.maestri@unipr.it)     

环境污染应急处置技术的CBR-MADM两步筛选法模型

突发环境污染事件进行应急处置时,需要在历史案例库和处置技术库的基础上通过筛选模型筛选出最适宜的应急处置技术.其中筛选的效率和准确性是构建技术筛选模型的首要因素,目前尚无较为满意的解决方案.本文结合案例推理技术(CBR)和模糊多属性群决策模型(MADM)的优势,建立了环境污染应急处置技术的CBR-MADM两步筛选法模型:第1步,先利用基于熵权G1法的CBR推理从案例库中匹配案例,再从相似度最高的几个案例中提取应急处置技术作为备选技术;第2步,利用MADM对备选技术进行筛选和决策.CBR-MADM两步筛选法既充分利用了历史处置经验,又极大地提高了应急处置技术的筛选速度和效率.将该方法应用于2012年底山西长治浊漳河苯胺泄漏污染事件中,成功筛选出“投加混凝剂-活性炭坝拦截”技术,同实际情况吻合,验证了其适用性和可行性.