牡丹江市城市垃圾处理的探讨

目前,城市垃圾已成为城市一个严重而不可忽视的问题。本文从垃圾的组成、特性入手,对垃圾的产生反污染环境本质进行了详细的阐述,指出垃圾污染环境的途径和产生的危害性。分析了牡丹江市垃圾处理概况最后基于改善牡丹江市城市垃圾处理现状,推动牡丹江市经济的可持续发展提出了相应的解决措施。     

中国废旧家电处理技术的现状与对策研究

家用电器的更新换代使得废旧家电的资源化利用问题日益突出,不合理处置和回收会给环境造成极大污染。因此,广泛开展废旧电器回收利用方面的研究,使这些宝贵的二次资源得到科学合理的资源化和无害化处置,对保证人类所需生产和生活资源的永续利用,促进人类的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。介绍了中国废旧家电年废弃量及回收利用价值,总结了处理废旧家电的基本技术特点及中国处置技术方面存在的问题。在此基础上,对中国废旧家电回收处理工艺提出建议和对策。     

Health is wealth: Concern for households’ solid waste self‐disposal practices

This study examines the challenges posed by solid waste by assessing the disposal methods practiced by residents in the Ijebu‐Ode Local Government Area (LGA) in Ogun State, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained through questionnaire administration. One out of every 10 houses was selected for sampling in six randomly selected wards of Ijebu‐Ode LGA. Three hundred and twelve questionnaires were administered on heads of households. Information elicited from the respondents covered solid waste disposal practices, the rationales behind those practices, and the respondents’ perceptions of environmental problems, including environmental health problems that could emanate from such practices. Data on environmental problems and environmental health problems measured on a 5‐point Likert scale were analyzed using Aggregate Weighted Mean Index. The computed Environmental Problem Indices (EPIs) and Environmental Health Problem Indices (EHPIs) were used to determine the severity of the respective challenges. The results established that blockage of drains with an EPI of 4.15 was a very severe environmental problem and flood hazard with an EPI of 3.55 was a severe environmental problem resulting from solid waste disposal practices. Incidence of malaria and cholera, with EHPIs of 2.85 and 2.56, respectively, were however ranked as not severe environmental health problems. The study concluded that solid waste disposal practices in Ijebu‐Ode LGA were unhygienic and unsafe, hence the need for government intervention to ensure the adoption of the necessary measures toward a safe and healthy environment.     

重大突发事件的动态协同应急决策

为实现有关重大突发事件应急的科学决策,综合运用协同矩阵、多属性决策理论,建立多部门参与的动态协同应急决策方法。将重大突发事件的协同应急决策问题抽象成多目标优化模型;考虑部门依赖,协同各部门目标,优选初始化应急处置方案;考虑情景分析动态协同决策过程可能出现的变化,如方案评价调整、部门新增方案、加入协同部门、协同部门撤出等,重构突发事件动态协同应急系统拓扑结构,动态修正应急处置方案。研究结果表明:用该方法可根据协同应急决策过程变化,通过更新计算应急处置方案评价,实现应急处置方案的动态调整,从而提高应急决策的有效性。     

Development of a landfill model to prioritize design and operating objectives

The application of scientifically based decision making tools to help address solid waste management issues dates back to the early 1960s. Researchers continue to use operations research tools to help optimize landfill design and operating parameters. This paper discusses the application of another type of decision making tool, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), to address priority ranking for a number of landfill engineering design and operating objectives in developing and developed countries. In this application, the AHP is used to rank, and prioritize, economic, environmental, health and safety, legislative and public perception objectives for landfill design and operations specific to landfill distance from a community, and precipitation levels. Results from a global survey using the Delphi process are included, with a discussion on the survey’s impact on the objective rankings relative to community proximity and precipitation. The Delphi process worked extremely well, and was an excellent tool to use in this application. The initial results from the objective rankings show promise in the development of an integrated model for landfill design and operation.     

污泥减量热解机热解焚烧技术概述

针对目前我国城市污水处理厂产生大量污泥,二次污染现象日益严重的状况,阐述了污泥的性质特点及主要处理处置方法,介绍并分析了污泥减量热解机热解焚烧技术的工作原理、工作流程、技术特点,以及污泥热解处理系统的主要设备。     

浅析气田开发钻井固体废物对环境的影响及处置措施

本文以国内某大型气田开发工程为例,分析了钻井工程固体废物产生量、特性,归纳了钻井固体废物污染物种类及其对环境的影响,介绍了钻井固体废物无害化处理处置措施,并提出处理处置过程中存在的问题和建议。     

我国城市生活垃圾处理行业2010年发展综述

简述了2010年我国城市生活垃圾处理的总体状况;归纳了2010年国家发布和实施的有关标准和政策;介绍了2010年新批准申请CDM的填埋气体利用项目和垃圾焚烧发电项目、垃圾堆肥项目,以及新投入运行的生活垃圾焚烧发电厂;对城市生活垃圾处理行业的发展进行了展望。     

太湖流域农村生活污水处理技术探讨

2010年江苏省太湖流域主要污染物排放情况显示,太湖流域内的农村生活污水、农田径流和养殖污水是导致太湖水体富营养化的主要污染源。目前,在中国针对农村生活污水的处理技术已有一定研究。根据太湖流域农村生活污水的特点,人工湿地处理技术和稳定塘系统等新型污水处理技术具有良好的应用前景。     

农村生活污水治理可行模式探讨

目前我国城市点源污染已经得到初步控制,为解决农村地区流域污染,改善农村人口饮用水条件、建设农村污水处理系统已刻不容缓。本文从污水收集、处理和污泥处置3个方面出发,阐述了农村地区不同污水收集模式、常见的污水处理技术和污泥处置方法的优缺点,提出可行的生态友好的农村污水处理模式,为农村污水处理系统的规划建设提供参考。