A Hierarchy of Groundwater Management, Land-Use, and Social Needs Integrated for Sustainable Resource Development

The pyramid of human needs developed by Abraham Maslow is based upon the presumption that until a person's lower level needs are fulfilled, higher level needs remain irrelevant. Groundwater and land-use management can likewise utilize such a hierarchy in integrating plans and operations with the needs of the society. Only once a region's population has fulfilled more basic concerns can higher-level groundwater and land-use management needs be effectively achieved. Attaining the ultimate goal of resource sustainability would certainly require considerable public backing, both for financial support and minimizing ambient pollution. For efficient water management to supply a society's water needs for future generations, sustainable groundwater management will require the full support of an educated society. The objective of the authors is to point out how essential it is to integrate operational strategies into regional hierarchies of needs applicable to groundwater management, land-use, and social planning. The situation of groundwater resources in Israel's Sharon Coastal aquifer region is taken as a case in point. Remedial groundwater activities have been undertaken in the management program for this aquifer. But it appears that maximal management efficiency cannot be achieved until the public's basic concerns are satisfactorily addressed and water resources planners reach consensus and a working partnership with the society in question. Operational measures must be clearly shown to benefit the region's population as regards their social, economic, and environmental concerns. This can only be achieved through public education, promoting awareness of the issuesbreak involved.     

Energy and Sustainable Development at Global Environmental Summits: An Evolving Agenda

This paper presents a framework for understanding energy issues in the context of sustainable development. It posits that there are three important ways in which energy is related to sustainable development: (a) energy as a source of environmental stress, (b) energy as a principal motor of macroeconomic growth and (c) energy as a prerequisite for meeting basic human needs. These three dimensions correspond to the three dimensions of the often-used triangle of sustainable development: environmental, economic, and social. Using this framework, the paper traces how successive environmental summits at Stockholm (1972), Rio de Janeiro (1992) and Johannesburg (2002) have dealt with energy issues. It identifies a slow, surprising and important evolution of how energy issues have been treated at these global discussions. Energy has received increasing prominence at these meetings and become more firmly rooted in the framework of sustainable development. Stockholm was primarily concerned with the environmental dimension, Rio de Janeiro focused on both the environmental and economic dimensions, and the major headway made at Johannesburg was the meaningful addition of the social dimension and the linking of energy issues to the UN's Millennium Development Goals.     

中国特色养老旅游地功能内涵及体系探讨——基于“五老功能”多样化诉求视角

基于人们日益增长的"老有所养、老有所医、老有所学、老有所为、老有所乐"多样化诉求,依据马斯洛需求层次理论,构建我国养老型旅游地功能体系,提出在已有旅游目的地中融入养老旅游所需元素的"嵌入式"发展路径和在城郊、小城镇、乡村等适宜场地专门建设养老型旅游地的"专业式"发展路径。从日常生活、医疗保健、学习氛围、老年就业、愉悦体验5个维度提出养老型旅游地的发展目标,从健康服务体系、分类医养体系、终身教育体系、科学劳动体系、旅游产品体系5个方面给出发展建议。     

Policy-Oriented Integrated Analysis of Land-Use Change: An Analysis of Data Needs

Integrated analysis of land-use change in support of informed policy-making for sustainable land use at various spatial levels makes heavy requirements for quality data. This paper aims to structure the principal methodological and practical issues of data needs for this task. The data needs for local level analyses of land-use change are given special attention. The paper adopts an integrated economic–environmental modeling framework and suggests the main types of data needed. Four main data dimensions are distinguished: system of spatial reference, system of temporal reference, definitions, and data collection procedures (sources, collection instruments and techniques, recording and retrieval systems, data format, frequency of data collection). To evaluate the suitability of current data sets as well as to guide the collection of new ones, a scheme based on substantive and practical criteria is employed. The former include compatibility, consistency, and reliability of data, while the latter include availability, ease and cost of data collection/retrieval, and transferability of data. The evaluation indicates the broad gaps in current data sets along the four main data dimensions. Based on this evaluation, the paper suggests framework guidelines to address the main data issues identified. RID=" ID=" <SUP>1</SUP>CLAUDE: Coordinating Land Use and Land Cover Data and Analyses in Europe. European Commission Concerted Action project (DG-XII); DAPLARCH: Data Plan Development for Land Use and Land Cover Change Research. Program sponsored by IGBP-IHDP (LUCC and DIS). Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA     

Creating a larger role for environmental psychology: The Reasonable Person Model as an integrative framework

We argue that the environment, broadly construed, has a profound effect on human cognition, action, and well-being. If this is true, then the field of environmental psychology has a far larger potential to aid humanity than is generally realized. We suggest that the field would be more likely to achieve this potential if it viewed environments from the perspective of human informational needs, and focused on environmental/informational patterns that have the potential to make it easier for people to help themselves. Further, achieving such benefits could be greatly enhanced by taking advantage of the many opportunities available for collaborating with researchers in other areas of psychology. The reasonable person model is offered as a perspective that could facilitate moving in these various new directions while taking advantage of the considerable existent knowledge about human–environment interactions that is currently underappreciated.     

发展中国家气候变化技术需求及技术转移障碍

为促进我国气候变化适用技术向其他发展中国家转移,通过文献分析、问卷调查和专家咨询等方式,对联合国发展中国家气候变化技术需求评估报告进行了分析,确定了发展中国家气候变化技术需求的重点领域和技术、需求特点和技术转移障碍等。研究发现:1在减缓领域,发展中国家技术需求的优先领域为能源和农业,次优先领域为废弃物处理和工业节能,能源领域的优先方向为能源工业、交通和家用节能,农业领域的优先技术为改进作物管理、养殖废弃物管理、家畜饮食配方改良;2在适应领域,优先领域为农业和水资源,次优先领域为海岸带管理、卫生健康,农业领域的优先技术为作物管理、土地管理、农田水利和节水灌溉、高效牧场和牲畜管理,水资源领域的优先技术为雨水收集利用、供水渗漏控制、城市污水处理与回用、气候监测与预警系统、水井技术;3利用科技应对气候变化已成为广大发展中国家的共识,不同类型国家因国情和自然条件不同,其气候变化技术需求也各有侧重,但普遍以成熟适用技术为主,且与本国的优先发展事项紧密关联,同时发展中国家对于能力建设的需求十分强烈;4在技术转移的障碍方面,技术受方的障碍包括资金和市场障碍、能力条件障碍、信息障碍、法律政策障碍、知识产权和技术障碍、传统文化和公众意识障碍,技术供方的障碍(以我国为例)包括资金不足,存在多头管理,信息不对称,机构缺乏走出去的意愿等。最后,提出了我国加强气候变化南南科技合作的政策建议。     

Harmonizing water management and social needs: a necessary condition for sustainable development. The case of Israel's coastal aquifer

This study focuses on the problem of most efficiently fulfilling the water requirements of society for sustainable water resources management. The goal is to coordinate effectively the social needs of the resident population with operational water resources management planning.The proposed approach consists of a pyramidal hierarchy of water resource management needs, similar to that suggested by psychologist Abraham Maslow for human social needs. The two pyramidal hierarchies can be simultaneously employed to delineate guidelines to synchronize planning for sustainable water resources development with the concerns and expectations of the resident population. In both hierarchies, higher level needs remain irrelevant and difficult to attain until lower level needs of the resident population have been fulfilled.Management planning measures employed with regard to Israel's coastal aquifer have been used to illustrate this approach. Observation of Israel's experience indicates markedly reduced effectiveness where such measures have failed to be properly synchronised with societal needs. Conversely, where hydrological management measures were successfully synchronized with societal concerns, increased efficiency towards attaining sustainable groundwater management was evident.     

基于文献计量分析的应急避难所救援系统综述

为完善应急避难所救援功能,借助中国知网(CNKI)核心期刊库和Web版引文数据库(WOS),筛选出355篇中英文文章,展开文献计量、网络分析和主题分析。采用文献计量和可视化工具,梳理受欢迎的研究成果和具有影响力的研究人员,阐述目前已形成的4个研究集群,包括灾民避难需求、应急避难所选址、应急疏散行为和应急避难救援网络,并分析各研究主题之间的相互联系。从灾民需求、资源协调整合以及大数据和信息技术应用等方面,提出避难所救援系统研究未来发展方向。研究结果表明:1996—2021年,应急避难所救援系统的研究受到越来越多学者的关注,中文文献以应急避难所选址为主,而英文文献还关注到应急疏散行为;针对4个研究集群展开详细的主题分析,便于审查相关文献,有助于发现仍需关注的避难需求,加强资源利用,探索优化方法。