The importance of skillful community leaders: understanding municipal pesticide policy change in Calgary and Halifax

This paper focuses on policy change under scientific uncertainty. This is done by exploring two case studies of Canadian pesticide policy evolution applied to Sabatier's ‘Advocacy Coalition Framework’. ‘Stakeholder’ and ‘narrative policy’ analyses are emphasised to understand pesticide policy changes in Calgary (public education without a restrictive by-law) and Halifax (restrictive by-law). The parallel case studies consist of qualitative interviews with members of pesticide policy advisory committees in each city and a content analysis of local newspaper articles. Key resources mobilised by coalitions to achieve their policy goals include skillful leadership, and the use by those leaders of the media to disseminate coalition narratives. Further, the context of policy change contributed to the scenarios whereby pro-by-law grassroots activists were particularly successful in Halifax and anti-by-law city employees were most influential in Calgary.     

浅析环保产品认证对环保产品标准的宣贯作用

简介了目前我国环保产品标准的施行现状,以及环保产品认证的模式、依据、作用等,结合环保产品认证的三个环节中涉及环保产品标准实施的内容,阐述了全面开展环保产品认证对宣传贯彻环保产品标准的实施起到的积极推动作用。     

我国环境管理的发展轨迹分析

在综合分析环境管理相关研究成果的基础上,梳理了我国环境管理的思想、理论、机构、法制建设、制度及其教育宣传六个方面的发展轨迹,探讨了当前环境管理各方面轨迹脉络和目前仍存在的问题。     

浅析环境信息公开的作用

环境信息公开能提高环境保护参与者的环境意识,改变他们的环境行为和行动,解决"市场失灵"、"政治失灵"的问题,教育环境保护各利益相关者,推进决策过程中的民主进程。要提高环境信息的作用,应公开公众所面临的环境风险,公开的环境信息必须可靠,有关的环境信息必须对公众有用且方便获得,政府机构应关注公众对环境信息的反馈。     

一种改进的灾害新闻3要素提取方法研究*

为提取灾害性新闻中的基本要素,迅速掌握灾害事件信息和发展趋势,将目标分类和命名实体识别（named entity recognition,NER）相结合,提出改进的灾害新闻3要素提取方法。构建滑动窗检测器搭载不同的分类模型,实现对新闻文本的灾害主题识别与时空位置要素范围判定,结合命名实体识别完成对时空位置要素的精准提取,并以灾害事故信息文本为例进行测试。研究结果表明:通过在火灾、地震和滑坡新闻中进行数据集中测试,发现本文方法相较于LSTM,BILSTM,BILSTM-CRF提取效果更优;本文方法可对大量灾害性新闻的灾害3要素进行识别提取,对灾害信息进行时空规律分析,研究结果可在灾害应急响应中发挥重要作用。     

Australian and U.S. News Media Portrayal of Sharks and Their Conservation

Investigation of the social framing of human–shark interactions may provide useful strategies for integrating social, biological, and ecological knowledge into national and international policy discussions about shark conservation. One way to investigate social opinion and forces related to sharks and their conservation is through the media's coverage of sharks. We conducted a content analysis of 300 shark‐related articles published in 20 major Australian and U.S. newspapers from 2000 to 2010. Shark attacks were the emphasis of over half the articles analyzed, and shark conservation was the primary topic of 11% of articles. Significantly more Australian articles than U.S. articles treated shark attacks (χ² = 3.862; Australian 58% vs. U.S. 47%) and shark conservation issues (χ² = 6.856; Australian 15% vs. U.S. 11%) as the primary article topic and used politicians as the primary risk messenger (i.e., primary person or authority sourced in the article) (χ² = 7.493; Australian 8% vs. U.S. 1%). However, significantly more U.S. articles than Australian articles discussed sharks as entertainment (e.g., subjects in movies, books, and television; χ² = 15.130; U.S. 6% vs. Australian 1%) and used scientists as the primary risk messenger (χ² = 5.333; U.S. 25% vs. Australian 15%). Despite evidence that many shark species are at risk of extinction, we found that most media coverage emphasized the risks sharks pose to people. To the extent that media reflects social opinion, our results highlight problems for shark conservation. We suggest that conservation professionals purposefully and frequently engage with the media to highlight the rarity of shark attacks, discuss preventative measures water users can take to reduce their vulnerability to shark encounters, and discuss conservation issues related to local and threatened species of sharks. When integrated with biological and ecological data, social‐science data may help generate a more comprehensive perspective and inform conservation practice. Descripción de Tiburones y su Conservación por Medios Informativos Australianos y Norteamericanos     

环境新闻是提升公众环境意识的重要途径

环境新闻因与人的切身利益关系密切而备受关注,其传播提高了公众的环境意识。文中探讨了环境新闻的目的和特点,阐述了在当前环境形势下,公众期待新闻媒体在环境保护中扮演怎样的角色,以及如何提高环境新闻报道营造社会良好舆论的几种途径。     

Media Use and Public Perceptions of Global Warming in India

Media plays a vital role in informing the public about environmental threats. Although climate change is a global problem, developing countries such as India are often more vulnerable to the impacts due to poverty, illiteracy, and low public awareness. Using data from a nationally representative survey in India, this paper explores the relationships between media use, issue attention, and trust in informational sources on one hand and science-based climate change beliefs, risk perceptions, and policy support on the other. Results suggest that the Indian media, through consistent and accurate coverage of global warming using trusted sources, can play a positive role in increasing public engagement among a largely unaware population. Implications for climate change communication in India are discussed.     

Mediating the Science: Symbolic and Structural Influences on Communicating Climate Change Through New Zealand's Television News

Climate change presents scientists, politicians, and media producers with a challenge of articulating to diverse stakeholders both the complexity of issues and the urgency of action. Analyses of how climate change is represented and constructed in broadcast media are useful to capture a reflection of contemporary values. We use an analysis of news frames and production values as well as a limited “circuit of culture” approach to explore climate change communication as both a news product and cultural phenomenon. Our focus is New Zealand, a country which ratified the Kyoto agreement but which is currently noncompliant. Using qualitative framing analysis and in-depth interviews with leading media producers, politicians, and scientists, we examine how climate change is produced, represented, and consumed by New Zealanders via their broadcast media.     

基于微信平台微学习的安全宣教新模式研究

为促进安全宣传教育,打破传统安全宣教的局限性与不足,提出了基于微信平台微学习的安全宣教新模式。对安全宣教的内涵进行了分析,从现有宣教模式的不足出发,结合微信平台在移动教育上的优势,论证了基于微信平台开展安全宣教的可行性;分析了构建基于微信平台微学习的安全宣教新模式的核心理论:负荷理论、活动理论和安全教育理论;遵循PDCA循环构建了基于微信平台微学习的安全宣教新模式,包括前端分析、安全宣教实施过程、安全宣教绩效评估和安全宣教模式改进4个阶段;提出了应用安全宣教新模式的优化建议。研究结果表明:基于微信平台微学习的安全宣教新模式可以弥补现有安全宣教方法的不足,并能丰富安全宣传教育的理论基础。