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11.
对色泽较深,含杂质量较高的废水加硅油I以抑制测定中蒸馏产生的泡沫.结果表明,在250ml水样中加硅油IO.10~1.25ml,即可收到理想效果.硅油I性质稳定,不随水蒸汽蒸出,对测定无干扰. 相似文献
12.
Nitrogen leaching is a world-wide concern for the quality of ground- and surfacewater. Measures to abate this is still limited by a lack of understanding mechanisms behind all factors describing the leaching process, time lags between countermeasures and improvement in waterquality and spatial distribution of nitrogen leaching. The purpose of this study was to do an initial test of the SOILNDB model system which is built on the existing mechanistic SOIL and SOILN models and an automatic parameterization procedure for use of simplified input data. The test was done by simulating nitrogen leaching from each of the 150 fields in a small catchment during a three-year study period. The simulated mean root-zone nitrogen leaching rate from all the fields in the catchment was compared to measurements of nitrogen flow in the stream draining the catchment and showed good agreement in between-year dynamics. 相似文献
13.
Human induced increases to nutrientconcentrations in streams have led to many agenciesdeveloping strategies and criteria for nutrientreduction. National or statewide guidelines aregenerally inappropriate, due to the natural variabilityin stream ecosystems within political boundaries. Thisstudy used an extant aquatic macroinvertebrate-basedregionalisation for the state of Victoria, Australia, asthe basis for defining regions of relatively homogeneousenvironmental character. This enabled the selection ofecologically-based regional reference sites andsubsequent characterisation of the nutrient status ofthese sites. Using an extensive biological and nutrientdata base for streams across the State, we calculated50th and 75th percentile concentrations forreference sites within each region. Using thesepercentiles in conjunction with impact and recoverystudies, we defined nutrient guidelines for each region. Although the nutrient data largely supported thebiological regionalisation, patterns in the nutrient datadid require some minor modifications for the nutrientregions. Relatively unimpacted regions with referencesites in very good-to excellent-condition were assignedguidelines largely based on the 75th percentiles. The more impacted regions, where best availablereference sites were of poorer quality, were assignedguidelines based largely on the 50th percentiles. Professional judgement and known extents of impactsacross each region provided important contributions tothe decision-making process. The derived guidelineconcentrations are comparable to several cited in theliterature and are proposed for use in monitoring,assessment and restoration targets. 相似文献
14.
Ports can generate large quantity of pollutants in the atmosphere due to various activities like loading and unloading,transportation, and construction operations. Determination of the character and quantity of emissions from individual sources is an essential step in any project to control and minimize the emissions.In this study a detailed emission inventory of total suspendedparticulate matter (TSP), particulate matter less than 10 m(PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for a port and harbour project near Mumbai is compiled. Results show that the total annual average contributions of TSP and PM10 from all the port activitieswere 872 and 221 t yr-1, respectively. Annual average emissions of gaseous pollutants SO2 and NOxwere 56 and 397 t yr-1, respectively, calculatedby using emission factors for different port activities. The maximum TSP emission (419 t yr -1) was from paved roads, while the least (0.4 t yr-1) was from bulk handling activity. The maximum PM10 emission (123 t yr-1) was from unpaved roads and minimum (0.2 t yr-1) from bulk handling operations. Similarly the ratio of TSP and PM10 emission was highest (5.18) from paved roads and least (2.17) from bulk handling operations. Regression relation was derivedfrom existing emission data of TSP and PM10 from variousport activities. Good correlation was observed between TSP andPM10 having regression coefficient >0.8. 相似文献
15.
结合在建工程清水河大花水电站实例,本文对黔中地区二级阶地堆积物边坡成因、堆积物物质成份、结构与其物理力学特性作了分析、总结,初步探讨了贵州省二级阶地堆积物边坡稳定性对工程建设的影响,望能给正在进行工程建设的同行以一定的参考,并对工程建设区的二级地堆积物边坡稳定性引起重视。 相似文献
16.
滇池细菌总数与有机碳、氮、磷的调查研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过对滇池水体一年多的定点采样工作,重点调查研究了草海、外海表层水中细菌数量及有机营养盐碳、氮、磷的季节变化规律,分析探讨了细菌总数与环境条件和有机营养盐之间的某些关系.对滇池富营养治理提出了一些建议,并提出利用微生物学的方法参与这一研究. 相似文献
17.
骆马湖的氮磷平衡及实施截污工程对水质改善效果的研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
骆马湖“九五”期间的氮磷平衡分析结果表明:氮磷在骆马湖湖体中的滞留量分别为1188.89t/a和193.36t/a。根据骆马湖的水质要求,在骆马湖截污工程完成后,没有新的污染进入水体的前提下,对骆马湖水体通过自然净化恢复到要求状态所需的时间进行了详细的数学推导和科学论证,结果表明,在不考虑底泥营养物质的情况下,只需0.19年左右的时间就能恢复,如果考虑底泥的影响。也只需0.59年左右的时间就能恢复,因此得出结论:对骆马湖实施截污是加速骆马湖水体改善的最佳途径。 相似文献
18.
长江口滨岸潮滩沉积物中磷的环境地球化学特征 总被引:21,自引:3,他引:21
研究了长江口滨岸潮滩表层沉积物中磷的分布、形态等环境地球化学特征。结果表明该地区表层沉积物中磷的含量水平在18.0-31.4μmol/g之间,最大值出现在浦东白龙港污水排放口附近,长江口滨岸潮滩沉积物中磷的分布呈现明显的空间和季节性变化规律,这主要与潮滩不同地段磷的来源、沉积物质地的差异,以及水动力、环境介质条件和生物作用的时空变化密切相关。此外,沉积物中磷的形态分级研究表明大部分沉积磷以无机磷形式存在,其中无机磷又以钙结合磷为主;有机磷比例较少。其次,潮滩沉积物表层上覆水中可溶磷的浓度一般都大于沉积物间隙水,沉积物-水界面中磷主要以累积作用过程为主。 相似文献
19.
Effects of atmospheric mercury pollution on terrestrial ecosystem in Chongqing, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 IntroductionMercury(Hg)asaglobalpollutanthascausedconcernworldwidesincetheendof 1980s.Itisemittedtotheatmospherefrombothanthropogenicandnaturalsources.Importantsourceoftheformeristhedischargefrom productionanduseofHgaswellasthecombustionoffossilfuels(Nri… 相似文献
20.
氨氮污染对宁夏水环境质量的影响及其控制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来氨氮污染对宁夏水环境质量的影响日趋势严重,文中通过大量的监测数据,分析了水环境中氨氮污染现状及其变化趋势,研究了氨氮污染物的来源和分布,并在此基础上提出了控制氨氮污染的对策。 相似文献