军用危险品进箱基本条件研究

为了保证进藏军用危险品安全开展集装箱运输,在青藏线的格尔木和川藏线的成都地区对集装箱内部环境条件温、湿度进行了测试,并建立了数学模型,意在找出其内部环境条件变化规律,为军用危险品安全进箱提供理论依据和技术支持.     

危险货物办理站安全质量评估方法初探

从铁路危险货物的运输现状出发，通过对影响危险货物办理站安全工作质量的因素的分析，探讨了安全质量的评估方法，并提出了一个新的概念──安全管理难度系数，由此建立起安全质量综合评估模型，以实现对危险货物办理站安全工作的全面衡量。     

安全系统可靠性分析方法

讨论了安全系统可靠性分析的最新趋势,即:由对系统的定性分析转向定量分析.给出了可靠性分析的一些方法,包括定性和定量方法.重点研究了马尔可夫故障模型法.针对马尔可夫故障模型法计算量大的缺点,提出了相应的改进方法微马尔可夫故障模型法,分析了此法在可靠性分析中的应用.     

我国铁路笨零货物运输安全管理对策研究

铁路笨零货物运输安全问题一直是铁路运输企业在安全方面十分关心的问题之一。近几年出现的几次因笨零货物装载不当引起的铁路运输事故 ,使得笨零运输安全问题更加引人注意。笔者分析了我国铁路笨零货物运输中存在的问题 ,包括管理工作 ,偏载偏重问题 ,车辆技术状态 ,笨零货物的装载加固 ,职工激励机制 ,货运员素质等 5方面 ,主要从优化笨零货物作业环节 ,改进笨零货运组织方法 ,注重安全第一 ,完善激励机制 ,加强理论及硬件建设等 7个方面提出了对策。     

论资源环境持续利用中的市场机制问题

在用市场手段解决环境危害与资源利用问题中,市场经济理论与实践是不完全相一致的,甚至是相互矛盾的。为了揭示这种矛盾性,从市场对环境的失灵,社会与个人利益,环境、资源、人口与经济增长的关系,以及资源开发技术的变化与资源有效利用方面,分析了市场经济在环境、资源与市场的关系方面存在的问题,提出了用法律手段解决资源与环境问题比市场手段更有效的观点。     

危险品航空安全运输管理系统的探讨

我国的危险品航空运输管理体系，虽然在法规体系、培训机制以及管理机构与监察制度方面逐渐完善，但是运输管理手段存在滞后现象。通过对国外现有各危险品航空运输管理系统研究，并对比我国危险品航空运输现状，分析了各系统存在的功能缺陷。在此基础上，提出构建基于数据库技术的我国危险品航空安全运输综合管理系统，并详细地阐述了系统的功能设计模块及该系统的作用。     

铁路危险货物运输区域环境风险评估

本文研究了铁路危险货物运输系统及其运输组织过程,从环境风险的角度对铁路危险货物运输区域环境风险的内涵和特点进行了分析;同时分析了现有区域风险定量评价方法对于铁路危险货物运输区域环境风险评价的适用性,并基于环境风险场及风险场强提出了铁路危险货物运输环境风险场强模型和环境风险评估模型;最后指出了仍有待深入研究的相关问题.     

基于层次分析法的危险品航空运输收运风险评估

危险品的收运是确保危险品安全空运的重要环节之一,因此把好收运关,使安全关口前移,对于安全空运危险品意义重大.本文通过查阅大量历史资料,根据影响危险品收运的因素分析,建立了危险品航空运输收运环节风险评估体系,同时采用层次分析法确定了各影响因素的权重,从而明确了各因素对危险品航空运输收运环节风险的大小或重要程度,并对影响收...     

Spatial and temporal variation of nitrogen exported by runo from sandy agricultural soils

The eutrophication problem has drawn attention to nutrient leaching from agricultural soils, and an understanding of spatial and temporal variability is needed to develop decision-making tools. Thus, eleven sites were selected to monitor, over a two-year period, spatial and temporal variation of runoff discharge and various forms of N in surface runoff in sandy agricultural soils. Factors influencing the variation of runoff discharge and various forms of N in surface runoff were analyzed. Variation of annual rainfall was small among 11 sites, especially between 2001 and 2002. However, variation of annual discharge was significant among the sites. The results suggest that rainfall patterns and land use had significant effect on discharge. The concentrations of total N, total kjeldahl N （TKN）, organic matter-associated N （OM-N）, NO3- -N, and NHn＋-N in the runoff ranged widely from 0.25 to 54.1, 0.15 to 20.3, 0.00 to 14.6, 0.00 to 45.3, and 0.00 to 19.7 mg/L, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the N concentration and runoff discharge were noted among the different sites. Annual loads of N in the runoff varied widely among monitoring sites and depend mainly on runoff discharge. High loads of total N, OM-N, NO3--N, and NHn＋-N in the runoff either in citrus groves or on vegetable farms occurred from June to October for each year, which coincided with the rainy season in the region. This study found that N in surface runoff was related to rainfall intensity, soil N level, and fertilizer use.     

Assessing the role of economic actors in the production of private and public goods in three EU agricultural landscapes

The study analyses the contribution of relevant economic actors to the provision of private and public goods in agricultural landscapes. A method consisting of a multi-sectoral perspective and an integrated approach based on the analytic network process (ANP) and the use of selected local stakeholders is applied. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated in three European case studies in Austria, Italy and Spain. The results show that agriculture and tourism are the sectors that contribute the most and the least, respectively, to the provision of goods and services in agricultural landscapes. Moreover, the results underscore that policy instruments towards such provision need to be targeted differently in different areas and must take into account the different roles of the local actors involved.