生态环境对经济系统贡献的相对价值评估研究

用经济价值度量单位定量评估生态环境对经济社会的贡献,使之便于与普通经济要素比较,从而促进资源和环境利用方式符合可持续发展要求,是通过交叉学科研究生态环境问题的一个基本目标. 然而,目前的评估研究多从微观支付意愿出发直接估算区域乃至国家尺度上的生态系统服务价值总量,省略了利益相关者群体的中间规模层次,因此限制了这些评价对于可持续发展的理论和政策分析的参考意义. 本文从一般意义上探讨了准公共品类型环境产品和服务的潜在供需的构成和对应函数,概述了通过市场模拟估算其价值的环境经济学逻辑,并讨论了不完善模型和数据支持下评价的相对有效性,以及这种相对经济价值评估的理论和实践意义.     

A behavioral rebound effect

Pro-environmental behaviors are an important avenue for mitigating environmental impacts. Technological improvements are also a vital tool for reducing environmental damage from consumption. However, their benefits are partially offset by the direct rebound effect, whereby a consumer rationally responds to an increase in resource use efficiency by consuming more. This paper investigates whether technological improvement might also reduce behaviorally motivated mitigation of environmental damage. A behavioral rebound effect operates through two channels. First, pro-environmental effort is reduced after a decrease in marginal environmental damage. Second, moral licensing reduces pro-environmental effort further when technological change is endogenous. I develop a novel real effort laboratory experiment to identify these behaviors. I find a positive behavioral rebound effect. I also find evidence consistent with moral licensing, which is strongest among subjects with a higher degree of pro-environmental attitudes and beliefs. Subjects’ baseline level of pro-environmental effort is driven by beliefs about social norms.     

基于CVM的旅游相关资源价值评估总体范围扩展方法研究

条件价值评估法(CVM)是旅游相关资源价值评估的重要方法,其评估结果的准确性主要由支付意愿(WTP)或补偿意愿(WTA)和总体范围扩展两者决定。目前,国内外关于CVM方法的相关研究主要是针对提高WTP(或WTA)的准确性,而关于总体范围扩展方法的相关研究较少。国外旅游相关资源价值评估总体范围主要扩展为使用者,或资源所在区域的家庭,或资源所在邻近区域的家庭;国内主要扩展为使用者,或资源所在区域的居民,或资源所在区域的就业者,或全国范围的相关居民或就业者;这些总体范围扩展方法均存在一些缺陷。论文以调查样本信息为依据,提出了一种基于旅游相关资源关注度系数(用出游小区相对旅游率表示)的非使用者总体范围扩展方法和基于游客量的使用者总体范围扩展方法,并以舟山普陀金三角景区非使用价值评估为例,以2008年为评价基准年份,进行了实证分析。结果表明:普陀金三角旅游资源非使用价值为345.83×10⁶元/a,其中非使用者贡献159.21×10⁶元/a,国内使用者贡献184.17×10⁶元/a,国外使用者贡献2.45×10⁶元/a。并与国内外各种总体范围扩展计算的结果进行对比,该结果较为合理。     

What drives television weather coverage?

Weather forecasts meet the classic economic definition of a public good, since the content can be easily relayed to non-payers and the cost of sharing the forecast with an additional person is zero. Freeriding by consumers leads to the potential for an inefficiently small supply of public goods by the market. Yet television networks and stations provide a large quantity of weather coverage. This paper explores the investment by US television stations in weather coverage. Specifically, we examine whether greater investments are made in cities where weather is potentially more dangerous. We find strong evidence that tornado risk drives coverage and weaker evidence for floods and hurricanes, but discover that snowfall is unrelated to investment. In addition, stations in larger markets invest more in weather coverage, and we also find regional patterns in coverage.     

物流基地危险货物储区外部安全防护距离研究

在物流基地规划建设中,危险货物储区外部安全防护距离的设定是很重要的一个组成部分。针对危险货物储区化学爆炸与毒气泄漏事故影响范围大、后果严重等特点,先应用鱼刺图事故分析原理分析危险货物储区危险因素,再建立化学爆炸与毒气泄漏危害距离计算模型,最后以冲击波伤害与毒气中毒有效剂量标准为依据,根据已建模型计算化学爆炸与主、次导风向毒气泄漏伤害距离。结果表明在设定安全防护距离时,结合化学爆炸、毒气泄漏危害距离模型,能得到合理的危险货物储区周边安全防护距离,具有实际应用价值。     

废旧物资回收站常见事故与治安风险研究

对废旧物资回收站常见安全事故与治安风险进行了综述,从再生资源行业特殊性角度,分析了安全事故和治安事件多发的原因,并提出相关对策。提升再生资源回收网点的建设水平,不仅要改变其脏乱差的面貌,更要从经营和治安两方面,从本质上提升其安全水平,使其更好地为经济社会发展服务。     

基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法的危险品运输路径优化研究

危险品运输路径的选择对于降低危险品运输事故危害有着重要的影响.首先通过构建时空矩阵存储道路信息用以模拟危险品运输事故率和事故后果,并结合成本因素建立综合、动态、多目标的危险品运输路径优化模型;然后改进了NSGA-Ⅱ算法,即在其算法模块中利用基于优先级的编码方式代替传统二进制编码方式,自定义问题模块中加入判断跨时间段的条...     

On the process and implications of drawing up and running a security plan according to ADR in an SME-type company

This paper is specifically related to the provisions of the European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Chapter 1.10, introduced in 2005 as a result of a recognized terrorist threat (the potential misuse of hazardous goods as a weapon), prescribing a Security Plan to be elaborated. The paper outlines the process of drawing up, implementing and running a Security Plan in an anonymous, but typical, SME company in Slovenia, involved in the storage and distribution of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and technical gases, considering the provisions set out and the available guidelines. Selected examples of the approaches and issues related to the implementation process are briefly demonstrated, e.g., the risk-assessment results with the anticipated development of the incident events, followed by general examples on personnel authorities and the responsibilities imposed, and similar. The process revealed some critical points and limitations in the expectations. For example, in a typical SME it is difficult to nominate independent representatives who are free of production-related work priorities (as their primary role) for the enforcement, evaluation and testing of the security measures introduced (which is usually their secondary role).     

Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake： A S-year study

Understanding the process of the changing phytoplankton patterns can be particularly useful in water quality improvement and management decisions. However, it is generally not easy to illustrate the interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables given their high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. To elucidate relationships between them, in a eutrophic shallow lake, Taihu Lake, relative long-term data set of biotic and abiotic parameters of water quality in the lake were conducted using multivariate statistical analysis within seasonal periodicity. The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus （TP） played governing roles in phytoplankton dynamics in most seasons （i.e. temperature in winter, spring and summer; TP in spring, summer and autumn）; COD （chemical oxygen demand） and BOD （biological oxygen demand） presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in spring, summer and autumn. However, a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn, and conversely negative ones in summer. As the predatory factor, zooplankton presented significant grazing-pressure on phytoplankton biomass during summer in view of negative relationship between them in the season. Significant feedback effects of phytoplankton development were identified in summer and autumn in view that significant relationships were obser,qed between phytoplankton biomass and pH, Trans （transparency of water） and DO. The results indicate that interactions between phyto：plankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity, which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability, and hence, advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.     

Modulation of the DNA repair system and ATR-p53 mediated apoptosis is relevant for tributyltininduced genotoxic effects in human hepatoma G2 cells

The toxic effects of tributyltin (TBT) have been extensively documented in several types of cells, but the molecular mechanisms related to the genotoxic effects of TBT have still not been fully elucidated. Our study showed that exposure of human hepatoma G2 cells to 1-4 μmol/L TBT for 3 hr caused severe DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the expression levels of key DNA damage sensor genes such as the replication factor C, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 were inhabited in a concentration-dependent manner. We further demonstrated that TBT induced cell apoptosis via the p53-mediated pathway, which was most likely activated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad-3 related (ATR) protein kinase. The results also showed that cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and the B-cell lymphoma 2 were involved in this process. Taken together, we demonstrated for the first time that the inhibition of the DNA repair system might be more responsible for TBT-induced genotoxic effects in cells. Then the generated DNA damage induced by TBT initiated ATR-p53-mediated apoptosis.