利用Triolein半渗透膜采样技术测定洋河水中的优先污染物

应用Ｔｒｉｏｌｅｉｎ半渗透膜采样器采集了河北洋河宣化至官厅水库河段水样,根据测定采样器中多氯联苯污染物（ＰＣＢｓ）及其它优先污染物浓度,可以估算这些污染物在河段水体中的平均浓度。将结果与同时同地采集的水样,经萃取浓缩后分析得到的结果比较,发现对于不同类型污染物,二者符合程度不同。本研究证明半渗透膜被动采样技术可用于水中多氯联苯等难降解污染物的定量监测,有可能在我国的优先污染物监测工作中发挥作用     

GC-MS检测济南市东部空气中气相与颗粒物上有机污染物

用GDX-101吸附剂和玻璃纤维滤膜(GF)同时采集气相和颗粒物上有机污染物,样品经提取分离后用GC-MS进行定性分析.结果表明,颗粒物上有机污染物的种类和含量都高于气相,工业区空气中有机污染较生活区严重,仍以燃煤、燃油污染为主.     

北京城区春季空气污染物垂直分布与气象条件观测分析

分析了北京城区春季污染物 (SO2 、NOX)垂直分布与相应的气象条件之间的关系 ,结果表明 ,不同高度的 SO2 浓度差异不显著 ,而不同高度的 NOX 浓度有明显的差异 ,知春路低层浓度高于中、高层 ,潘家园则是低层低于中、高层。一日中 ,特别是当无大的天气系统影响 ,地面呈典型的山谷风日变化时不同高度的 SO2 和 NOX浓度均呈明显的峰谷变化。工作日污染物浓度比休息日浓度高 50 %。     

电线电缆行业主要工艺废气中有机污染状况分析及筛选研究

我们以活性炭、ＴｅｎａｘＧＣ、聚氨酯泡沫为吸附剂,采用溶剂洗脱、热解吸、回流提取三种脱附方式,以ＧＣ／ＭＳ为分析手段,对某电缆厂的漆包线涂漆、橡料加工、橡胶硫化、聚氯乙烯挤塑、聚乙烯交联五条生产工艺废气中的有机物进行了测定,共检出１８０种有机化合物。同时采用科学方法进行了有机物的筛选,提出了２７种电线电缆行业废气中优先控制有机污染物名单     

SUBSURFACE QUALITY TRANSFORMATIONS DURING THE INITIATION OF A NEW STABILIZATION LAGOON1

ABSTRACT Raw sewage was metered into a newly-constructed lagoon of the Pima County Department of Sanitation, Tucson, Arizona. Seepage losses were calculated from data on inflow, evaporation and change in storage. Water samples were obtained from shallow suction cups, a 40 ft. and a 60 ft. PVC well and a 100 ft. access tube, all located inside the lagoon. Samples from these wells, together with water samples from the lagoon, were examined for conform organisms and various physical and chemical constituents. Of special concern were transformations in nitrogen. Estimated seepage rates in the lagoon during inundation ranged from 0.20 ft. per day to 0.10 ft. per day. Water level observations in wells reflected the percolation of effluent to the water table, 70 ft. below land surface. Initially, the nitrate ion levels in the suction cup samples were high, manifesting the leaching of indigenous soil nitrogen. With the onset of anaerobic conditions at the base of the lagoon, nitrification was inhibited at the soil surface and ammonia became the predominant form of nitrogen in the soil solution. Sorption of ammonium ion appeared to occur on clay particles in a soil zone of high cation exchange capacity. There were no undesirable microbial or chemical effects of recharge from lagoon seepage on native groundwater quality.     

弥渡县农业面源污染及防治对策

由于农村卫生环境差,农作物秸秆利用率低和大量使用农药、化肥、农膜,弥渡县的农村生活污水、生活垃圾、畜禽养殖业和农药、化肥、农膜污染均较严重。应采取措施,逐步完善农村环保基础设施建设、推广秸秆实用技术,大力发展生态农业。     

燃煤烟气中多环芳烃(PAHs)光化学降解的研究

研究了各种条件下，燃煤烟气中多环芳烃（PAHs）的光化学降解。实验结果表明，采用模拟日光中紫外部分的荧光灯照射，PAHs光解率随光照强度、照射时间、温度和水蒸气含量的增加而增大。由此推断，在夏季高温、潮湿和高日照条件下，PAHs一般在数小时内即全部降解。而在冬季低温、干燥和低日照的气候条件下，PAHs降解速率很小，可在大气中停留较长时间，扩散到较远距离。还提出了由烟气中水蒸气产生的气态OH自由基以及未燃尽烃类自由基与激发态PAHs碰撞导致发生PAHs污染物光化学降解的反应机理。     

Atmospheric emissions of some POPs in Europe: a discussion of existing inventories and data needs

Accurate and complete information on the emissions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are essential for interpreting historical, current and future contamination levels in remote areas. However, this information is also crucial for decision makers aiming at further reduction of the environmental loading of these substances on a regional scale. In this study, we identify and discuss specific POP emission inventory features that are deemed essential to understand, predict and control the behaviour of such substances on a European scale. It is shown that the scientific value of official emission data is limited (e.g. for deriving source–receptor relationships on a European scale), as there is insufficient information on spatial, temporal and compound coverage. Likewise, we argue that non-official emission data (i.e. research-driven emission inventories), which are based on aggregated statistics, may be of limited value for the identification of further emission control strategies. It is thus argued that future emission inventories should be developed in a format that is suitable to serve both policy- and research-oriented applications. Further improvement of official emission data with respect to research-driven features seems to be the most sensible way to proceed. Finally, the empirical basis of current emission inventories remains weak, and further research on emission identification and characterisation seem needed (a) to gain confidence in predicted source–receptor relationship as well as (b) for the development of sound control strategies.     

土壤中持久性有机污染物的提取技术研究

文章介绍了持久性有机污染物的分析检测方法,指明了研究土壤中持久性有机污染物的必要性.将国内最常用的两种提取方法--索式提取和超声波提取进行比较,结果表明了索式提取的方法更适合从土壤中提取多种持久性有机污染物,提取剂和洗脱剂可选比例1:1的丙酮和石油醚,回收率可在70%～90%之间;而超声波提取的方法比较适合从土壤中提取个别的持久性有机污染物,如op′-DDT 和pp′-DDT,节省实验时间,试剂使用量少,回收率也可在50%以上.     

持久性有机污染物对人类及环境的危害

持久性有机污染物作为工业化的伴生物,对人类生存繁衍和可持续发展构成重大威胁,并对环境造成难以修复的破坏.对持久性有机污染物的结构、特性及其对人类和环境的危害进行了论述.