Non-point source analysis of a railway bridge area using statistical method：Case study of a concrete road-bed

In an effort to protect the quality of the water system, interest in non-point source pollution is increasing. Recently, studies of non-point sources pollution are continuing in relation to various land- use areas, but such studies have not been fully conducted in railway facility sites. Using monitoring data of railway bridge area with concrete road-bed, the runoff characteristics, pollutant unit loads, and first flush criteria were assessed. Railway bridge area with concrete road-bed typically show the first flush effect, and the pollutant unit load was determined to be higher than other public facilities areas. Further, the first flush criteria show an effective rainfall amount of 7 mm. In other words, from the runoff of railway facilities, considerable amounts of non-point source pollutants are occurred, indicating the need to create best management practices which are adequate for railway facility sites.     

Effects of pH on photochemical decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid in different atmospheres by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet

Perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA）, a persistent organic pollutant, receives increasing concerns due to its worldwide occurrence and resistance to most conventional treatment processes. The photochemical decomposition by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） is one of the efficient methods for PFOA decomposition. The effects of pH on PFOA decomposition in nitrogen atmosphere or oxygen atmosphere were investigated. At its original pH （4.5） of PFOA aqueous solution, PFOA decomposed efficiently both in nitrogen and in oxygen atmosphere. However, when the pH increased to 12.0, PFOA decomposition was greatly inhibited in oxygen atmosphere, while it was greatly accelerated in nitrogen atmosphere with a very short half-life time （9 rain）. Furthermore, fluorine atoms originally contained in PFOA molecules were almost completely transformed into fluoride ions. Two decomposi- tion pathways have been proposed to explain the PFOA decomposition under different conditions. In acidic and neutral solutions, PFOA predominantly decomposes via the direct photolysis in both atmospheres; while in the alkaline solution and in the absence of oxygen, the decomposition of PFOA is mainly induced by hydrated electrons.     

优化太湖流域水环境监测管理成效分析

采集2007～2012年江苏省太湖流域省、市环境监测工作统计数据,尝试从环境管理创新效能、监测点位与项目、环境质量报告、资金人员投入、国家下拨财政资金乘数效应等指标,对优化监测管理工作带来的成效进行评估。结果表明,引导环境管理有效预警率增加5.8倍,为2.6亿元流域资源补偿资金提供了测算依据,国控断面占全国总数下降7.0%,地方监测的河流断面数量增长48%,流域水质评价考核项目扩展至《地表水环境质量标准》全部水质项目,而国家和省级财政资金乘数效应显著增长则反映出地方政府积极加大了对水环境监测预警的资金投入。     

红枫湖流域枯水期土壤理化特征与磷素分异研究

对贵州省红枫湖枯水期流域土壤的理化性质、磷素含量与形态分布进行了初步研究。结果表明,土壤偏酸性,以粉砂粒为主,消落带土样含水率略高于林地和荒地。表土全磷和速效磷含量为99.6~679.5mg/kg和1.1~18.6mg/kg,低于我国土壤平均水平,属喀斯特地质性缺磷;最高值分布在受人类活动污染严重的管理处和后午,且随土层深度的增加而降低。土壤中不同磷形态的含量顺序为Residual-PNaOH-PHCl-PNaHCO3-PH2O-P。其中,耕作土壤中有机碳、全氮、全磷和速效磷含量,以及H2O-P、NaHCO3-P和总可提取态磷的比例均显著高于荒地和林地,表明耕作与施肥过程不仅提高了土壤全磷和生物活性磷含量,也加剧了水土流失的环境风险。     

北塘排污河天津中心城区段恶臭污染调查与分析研究

为研究天津市中心城区北塘排污河恶臭污染特征,沿北塘排污河布设5个采样点位,分别在夏、秋、冬三季进行了系统采样.北塘排污河夏、秋、冬三季总检出浓度为23.842 5 mg/m^3,夏季（9.273 1mg/m^3）＞冬季（8.388 4 mg/m^3）＞秋季（6.181 0 mg/m^3）,靖江桥和兵营桥两个点位受赵沽里泵站出水水质的影响较大,对周围的恶臭污染程度更为严重.北塘排污河污染物质总检出浓度组成特征：无机气体＞含氧烃＞烷烃＞芳香烃＞卤代烃＞烯烃＞硫化物,共检出物质67种,检出率大于70％的污染物共30种,广泛存在的物质为11种,主要恶臭污染物为少量的含氧烃、无机气体和硫化物,乙醛、丙酮、硫化氢和甲硫醇为北塘排污河主要恶臭污染物.     

浅析环评中重金属第一类污染物源强计算——以电镀企业为例

以电镀企业为例,解读相关标准、规范要求,剖析当前环评工作中重金属第一类污染物排放源强计算存在的问题并探索解决方案。研究发现,由于废水分质分类处理,环评中第一类污染物源强分析节点出现了困难,同时验收监测又常以总排口为节点,导致监测排放量大于环评预测的允许排放量。分析认为,除了有更严格的地方法规,第一类污染物排放源强应以车间或生产设施排放口为监控节点,为克服车间排放口监控位置选取的困难,环评中可根据物料衡算法推算更严格的排放标准,在总排1：7实施实际监控。环评和验收监测的相关计算方法要实现统一,以便环境管理。     

吹扫捕集-GC／MS联用定性分析城镇污水处理厂难降解污染物研究

采用吹扫捕集-GC／MS法对浙江省某工业园区污水处理厂中残留的难降解物质进行了定性和半定量分析,分析结果有9个响应值较高的峰,通过NIST库检索,得到这9个物质在水中残留的浓度高低依次是二氯甲烷最高,其次是四氢呋喃、三氯甲烷、1,4-二氯苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、二甲氧基甲烷、五氯环丙烷、1,4-二氯-2-氟苯、N,N-二甲基苯胺。并从这几种物质的性质、用途和这个工业园区生产企业生产的产品,分析了这几种物质在这个工业园区污水中残留的原因及危害,同时提出去除这些残留物质的方法。     

鸭绿江丹东段江水中有机污染物分析

采用MC／GS联用仪,对鸭绿江丹东段江水中有机污染物的种类及组成进行了分析鉴定,进而采用高压液相色谱法对多环芳烃类进行定量测定与评价,并对该江段有毒有机物名录进行了筛选研究,提出了优先监测有机污染物的名录。     

辽宁省14个城市空气质量现状及污染原因分析

对2006—2011年辽宁省14个地级城市的主要空气污染物（可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫、二氧化氮和一氧化碳）的现状监测值进行分析,结果表明：2006—2010年辽宁省14个城市空气质量可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫、二氧化氮和一氧化碳4项污染物浓度总体呈下降趋势,2011年比2010年小幅增加。2011年大气污染最严重的季节是冬季,污染最轻的季节是夏季;辽宁省14个城市沿海城市空气质量4项污染物浓度均低于内陆城市。辽宁省的特殊气象、城市化和能源利用不合理等造成近地面污染严重,从而影响全省城市环境空气质量。     

大伙房水库上游重点矿区污染及其潜在生态危害评价

对大伙房水库上游3个重点矿区尾矿渣及周边土壤表层的重金属及氰化物进行了分析,采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对其生态危害程度进行评价。结果表明,铜矿（A）属重度生态危害,金矿（C）、铁矿（B）属低生态危害。