The synaptic membrane D2-protein in amniotic fluid from pregnancies with fetal neural tube defects

The D2-protein is a neuronal membrane protein which has an immunochemically detectable soluble derivative in cerebrospinal fluid. We used rocket-on-line immunoelectrophoresis with an antiserum against rat synaptosomal membranes for demonstration of the human D2-protein in fetal cerebrospinal fluid and in amniotic fluids from pregnancies with fetal neural tube defects. D2 was neither found in normal amniotic fluids nor in cases of amniotic fluids from pregnancies with other malformations. Analysis of D2 in amniotic fluids may thus have a future role in the antenatal diagnosis of fetal neural tube defects.     

S-100 protein in amniotic fluid of anencephalic fetuses

S-100 protein, which is found essentially in the astrocytes of the nervous system, was assayed in amniotic fluids by Particle Counting Immuno Assay. It was present in 19 cases of anencephaly out of 26, in 1 case of open spina bifida out of 5 and in each of the 4 cases of fetal death, whereas it was not detected in the 48 control amniotic fluids collected between the 16th and the 35th week of gestation. Thirty-one amniotic fluids from fetuses with other congenital malformations were devoid of detectable S-100. The presence of S-100 in amniotic fluid of anencephalic fetuses can presumably be considered as a biological sign of necrosis of the exencephalic brain and seems specific to damage of the central nervous system accompanied by neural tube defect.     

缫丝废液的综合利用

缫丝废液中含有丰富的蛋白质，直接排入严重污染环境，废液中的蛋白质能用化学或生物化学方面水解成有用的氨基酸，后者是化学，医药，食品，饲料工业的重要原料，本文报道了缫丝废液中蛋白质酸水解和酶水解的研究结果以及部分酶水解的规律。     

Exploration of the key functional proteins from an efficient cellulolytic microbial consortium using dilution-to-extinction approach

In the present study, the cellulose binding proteins(CBPs) secreted by a putative cellulolytic microbial consortium were isolated and purified by affinity digestion. The purified CBPs were subsequently separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE). Using mass spectrometric analyses, eight CBPs were identified and annotated to be similar to known proteins secreted by Clostridium clariflavum DSM 19732 and Paenibacillus sp. W-61. In addition, in combination with dilution-to-extinction approach and zymogram analysis technique, CBPs 6(97 k Da) and 12(52 k Da) were confirmed to be the key functional proteins that influence cellulolytic activities. Moreover, structural domain analyses and enzymatic activity detection indicated that CBPs 6 and 12 contained glycoside hydrolase families(GH) 9 and 48 catalytic modules, which both revealed endoglucandase and xylanase activities. It was suggested that the coexistence of GH9 and GH48 catalytic domains present in these two proteins could synergistically promote the efficient degradation of cellulose.     

墨汁鬼伞对重金属铅离子的耐受与富集作用及其在铅离子胁迫下的差异表达蛋白鉴定

铅是已知毒性最大的重金属污染物之一,具有极强的积累性和不可逆性.生物修复环境重金属污染以其成本低、能实现对重金属回收等特点被认为是最有前景的修复技术.墨汁鬼伞被认为具有富集重金属离子的能力,本文首先通过在含Pb~(2+)的固体培养基上培养墨汁鬼伞分析了墨汁鬼伞对不同浓度Pb~(2+)的耐受能力,结果表明当Pb~(2+)浓度低于50 mg·L~(-1)的情况下,墨汁鬼伞的生长不会受到影响;随着Pb~(2+)浓度提高,墨汁鬼伞生长缓慢,菌丝稀疏,菌落形状不规则;当浓度高于500 mg·L~(-1)时,墨汁鬼伞生长明显被影响,并产生色素.进一步分析墨汁鬼伞对不同浓度Pb~(2+)的富集能力表明即使在Pb~(2+)浓度高达800 mg·L~(-1)的情况下,墨汁鬼伞仍然可以富集培养基中的94.7%的Pb~(2+).此外通过分析墨汁鬼伞的差异蛋白,鉴定到一个受Pb~(2+)诱导的14-3-3类蛋白.以上研究表明墨汁鬼伞可以用于环境重金属污染的生物修复.     

圈养大熊猫排泄的粘液成分分析

收集并测定了8只圈养大熊猫的12个粘液样品的营养成分含量,包括水分、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(CF)、6种维生素(VA、VE、VD、VB1、VB2和VB6)以及4种微量元素(Fe、Zn、Cu和Mn).结果表明,大熊猫排泄的粘液营养物质含量丰富,尤其是含有很高的蛋白质、丰富的维生素和微量元素.粘液排泄频繁和排泄量大的大熊猫将从粘液排泄中损失很多的营养物质.因此,一方面必须给粘液排泄频繁和排泄量大的大熊猫补充营养,另一方面有必要采取切实可行的措施降低大熊猫的粘液排泄量及其频率.表4参5     

血浆蛋白粉对早期断奶仔猪的作用与应用研究概述

本文对血浆蛋白粉的特点、血浆蛋白粉对早期断奶仔猪的影响和在饲料中如何合理利用作一综述，为血浆蛋白粉的合理应用提供一定的理论基础．     

瞬时表达比较马铃薯X病毒CP基因3种结构对RNA沉默的诱导效果

RNA沉默是植物抵御病毒侵染的一种防卫机制,病原来源的抗性(pathogen-derived resistance,PDR)被认为是通过RNA沉默起作用的.转化的核酸片段在基因组中的位置、长短和不同排列结构等均影响RNA沉默的效率.用全长马铃薯X病毒(PVX)CP基因构建非翻译的正义、反义和反向重复结构转基因的植物表达载体,通过农杆菌渗入法瞬时表达测试了这些转基因对RNA介导抗性的诱导效率和有效性.结果表明,反向重复的PVXCP是更为有效的RNA沉默诱导因子,同时也证明让目的基因在受试植物中瞬时表达,在转化植物之前能比较快速地检测转基因的表达情况以及表达产物的功能,从而节约时间和资源,并减少盲目性.图3表2参21     

表达马铃薯Y病毒外壳蛋白基因的转基因烟草抗病机制

根据已报道的马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系(PVY^N)核苷酸序列，克隆了PVY^N外壳蛋白(CP)基因，通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)LBA4404介导的方法，转化烟草NC89，获得了38株PCR呈阳性的转基因植株．攻毒试验发现，转基因植株对PVY^N的抗性水平存在着差异，其中有4株表现为高度抗病性．Southern blot表明，PVY^N CP基因已经整合到烟草染色体中，转基因的拷贝数与植株的抗病性成正相关．Northern blot表明，PVY^N CP基因在RNA水平上得到了表达，而且PVY^N CP RNA在细胞中的积累量与转基因植株的抗病性呈明显的负相关．Western blot表明，高度抗病植株未检测到转基因CP蛋白质，而抗病和感病植株都检测到了PVY^N CP蛋白，且不同抗性的转基因植物中转基因蛋白质的积累有一定的差异．实验结果表明，表达PVY^N CP基因的转基因烟草其抗病机制类似于转录后的基因沉默，即抗病件可能是RNA介导的．     

圈养亚成体大熊猫日粮粗蛋白表观消化率的初步研究

研究了7只1.5-4.7岁的亚成体大熊猫对23种日粮粗蛋白的表观消化率（ADCP），结果为37．86％－83．70％。分析表明，对1．5－2．5岁的大熊猫，粗纤维采食量与ADCP有极显著的负相关关系（图1）；对2．5－4．7岁的大熊猫。粗纤维采食量与ADCP没有明显相关关系（表3）。对1．5－2．5岁大熊猫，随竹粗蛋白占总粗蛋白比值升高，ADCP呈下降趋势（图2）；2．5－4．7岁的大熊猫，ADCP随竹粗蛋白比例升高而呈上升趋势（图3）；不同大熊猫ADCP还有个体差异。图3表3参10