铜山口铜(钼)矿床成矿流体水-岩反应数值模拟

铜山口铜(钼)矿床位于湖北省大冶市境内,是一典型的矽卡岩-斑岩复合型矿床。通过对其流体包裹体的系统研究,确定了成矿阶段成矿流体的成分及温压条件,并结合矿床学研究,将成矿过程分解为两个平行的成矿阶段,即矽卡岩型矿化阶段和斑岩型矿化阶段。根据Johson和Reed等人建立的水 岩反应模型,对本矿床成矿流体与围岩反应并析出金属沉淀的过程进行了数值模拟计算,其结果与实际地质情况吻合较好。     

大型复杂冲压件CAPP的发展趋势

讨论了大型复杂冲压件计算机辅助工艺设计中数值模拟技术的应用、系统模型与工艺决策等关键技术的发展 ,以及CAPP与相关系统的集成 ,分析了大型复杂冲压件计算机辅助工艺设计的发展趋势。     

海洋疏浚Mont Carlo数值计算

利用Mont Carlo方法模拟海洋疏浚过程中悬浮泥沙的扩散.结合洋浦近岸海域疏浚工程,计算了悬沙输运轨迹及浓度分布,计算结果较为合理.该模型在近海工程环境影响评价中具有应用价值.     

室内空气品质的数值模拟及评价

室内空气品质与人的感知以及个体差异紧密相连,室内空气品质不佳将对人的身心健康和工作可靠性产生巨大的不利影响,如何改善室内人居环境,创造健康、舒适的室内空气环境已经成为现代建筑科学的前沿研究课题.文章利用计算机模拟技术对学生宿舍中的空气品质进行了数值模拟,并采用PMV值对房间内的空气质量进行了评价,得出了评价结果.结果表明:该宿舍通风状况良好,人体感觉舒适,通过自然通风就能很好的调节室内空气品质.     

甲烷高温自燃诱导过程实验与数值模拟研究

甲烷的转化在化工产业中具有举足轻重的地位与战略意义,近年来涌现的氧化偶联制烯烃等多种新型化工工艺涉及高温条件的甲烷-纯氧等体系的混合与反应过程,明确甲烷高温自燃诱导与爆炸规律是实现工艺安全设计与运行的前提,然而相关研究与基础数据仍较为欠缺。通过利用基于快速压缩装置的高温高压燃爆测试系统开展甲烷-纯氧等典型混合体系的自燃诱导过程研究,同时基于GRI-Mech 3.0机理的数值模拟方法进行了数值模拟研究。实验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好,随着温度/压力的增加及氧气含量的下降,混合体系自燃诱导时间均缩短;燃料气中加入乙烷或氢气则会大幅缩短自燃诱导过程。对于多个工艺过程中涉及的低氧含量体系率先开展了研究,得到了不同当量比及温度条件下的典型体系自燃诱导时间,同时考察了惰性气的加入对于自燃诱导过程的延长作用。研究结果有助于深入理解甲烷自燃诱导机理,同时指导高温条件的甲烷转化工艺的本质安全化设计与爆炸防控。     

Oil/Suspended Particulate Material Interactions and Sedimentation

The interactions of physically dispersed oil droplets with suspended particulate material (SPM) can be important for the transport of bulk quantities of spilled crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to subtidal sediments. The literature regarding oil/SPM interactions is reviewed, and results from whole-oil droplet/SPM interaction kinetics and pure-component (Prudhoe Bay crude oil distillate cut) equilibrium partitioning experiments are presented. The effects of oil type, SPM characteristics, and salinity on the interaction rates are examined, and the importance of whole-oil droplet/SPM interactions on particle agglomeration and settling behavior are discussed. Whole-oil droplet/SPM interactions are retarded as oil droplet dispersion into the water column is inhibited by oil viscosity increases due to evaporation weathering and water-in-oil emulsification. Compared to whole oil droplet/SPM interactions, dissolved-component/SPM adsorption is not as significant for transport of individual components to sediments. The information presented in this paper can be used to augment computer-based models designed to predict oil-spill trajectories, oil-weathering behavior, and spilled oil impacts to the marine environment.     

一个研究街道峡谷流场及浓度场特征的三维数值模式

目前，研究街道峡谷内流场及机动车排放污染物的扩散行为特征所采用的主要方法为：采用野外测试法和物理模拟法，而采用三维数值模拟方法研究此问题的工作很少。本文创建了一个研究微尺度街道峡谷内流场及机动车排放污染物扩散特征的三维数值模式，即首次采用伪不定常方法，利用K——E闭合方案，建立了一个模拟城市街道峡谷内流场及污染物扩散特征与街道峡谷风场、街道几何结构及两侧建筑物高度对称性之间的复杂关系的三维数值模式。经过与实际监测资料及风洞实验对比，结果表明此三维模式具有较好的模拟精度，能够很好模拟峡谷内的风场及街谷几何结构对街道峡谷内流场及浓度场特征的影响，有很强的实用性。     

BUILDUP,WASHOFF, AND EVENT MEAN CONCENTRATIONS1

ABSTRACT: Most watershed water quality simulation models require the user to specify pollutant buildup and washoff rate parameters for pollutants, by land use. Buildup and washoff rates are difficult to measure directly, and only limited guidance and few observed data are available from the literature. Many studies, however, report storm event mean concentrations (EMCs). These EMCs must arise as a result of the buildup and washoff processes, but typically represent the net contribution from a variety of pervious and impervious surfaces. This paper explores the relationship between EMCs and buildup/washoff parameters. An assumption of the mathematical form of the buildup/washoff relationship gives an algebraic expression for the EMC consistent with model assumptions. This yields techniques to separate observed EMCs into contributions from different land uses and from pervious and impervious surfaces. Given this relationship, numerical optimization may be used to estimate site specific values of buildup and washoff parameters from observed storm EMCs for use in modeling. Use of this approach helps ensure that model parameters are consistent with observed data, providing a rational starting point for final model calibration. Several site examples demonstrate use of the method.     

Numerical Simulation of Synoptic Condition on a Severe Sand Dust Storm

By using observational data and MM5, an observational analysisand numerical study was conducted on the synoptic condition of a severe dust storm that was caused by a Mongolian cyclone whichoccurred from 6 to 8 April 2001. Results illustrated thatthe cyclogenesis was due to the isentropic potential vorticity (IPV) advection in the upper troposphere and the terrain modifiedbaroclinicity in the mid-lower troposphere. The Altai-Sayan complex of mountains blocked the lower level cold air and made the isentropic surface sharply steep. When the air slid down along the isentropic surface the increasing of baroclinicity anddecreasing of stability blew up the vertical vorticity development.The formation of the dust storm was a result of a cyclonic cold front passing across the area. The occurrence of this dust stormwas closely related to the strong surface wind, which was accompanied by a cold front passing, rather than the cyclogenesis, itself. Hence, the reason for the pre-front dust storm formulation was the formation of heating convection. Reasons behind the formation of a black storm (visibilitylower than 50 m), which occurred in the mid-north part ofInner Mongolia, lay in several aspects. Firstly, in thisarea the surface wind was strong, a direct result of thedownward transport in mid-lower troposphere. Secondly,the cold front passed over the effected area near sunsetso the air obtained much more surface heating to form adeeper mixed layer (ML). Thirdly, cooperation between thelower level wind and the terrain made the atmosphere inthis area and acquired the maximum advective contributionnecessary to form a deep post-front ML. The sensitivityexperiment revealed that surface heat flux was important to the frontal lifting. In addition, the forcing of surface heating wasalso seen as the primary forcing mechanism of frontogenesis. Meanwhile, removal of the surface heat flux made the atmosphericstratification became stable and the pre-storm ML very shallow,which weakened the strength of the dust storm.     

ECONOMIC COSTS AND BENEFITS OF INSTREAM FLOW PROTECTION FOR ENDANGERED SPECIES IN AN INTERNATIONAL BASIN1

ABSTRACT: The U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) restricts federal agencies from carrying out actions that jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered species. The U.S. Supreme Court has emphasized that the language of the ESA and its amendments permits few exceptions to the requirement to give endangered species the highest priority. This paper estimates economic costs associated with one measure for increasing instream flows to meet critical habitat requirements of the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow. Impacts are derived from an integrated regional model of the hydrology, economics, and institutions of the upper Rio Grande Basin in Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Mexico. One proposal for providing minimum streamflows to protect the silvery minnow from extinction would provide guaranteed year round streamflows of at least 50 cubic feet per second in the San Acacia reach of the upper Rio Grande. These added flows can be accomplished through reduced surface diversions by New Mexico water users in dry years when flows would otherwise be reduced below the critical level required by the minnow. Based on a 44‐year simulation of future inflows to the basin, we find that some agricultural users suffer damages, but New Mexico water users as a whole do not incur damages from a policy that reduces stream depletions sufficiently to provide habitat for the minnow. The same policy actually benefits downstream users, producing average annual benefits of over $200,000 per year for west Texas agriculture, and over $1 million for El Paso municipal and industrial water users, respectively. Economic impacts of instream flow deliveries for the minnow are highest in drought years.