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91.
The use of pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) studies in processing of a biodegradable plastic composition made from soy protein
isolate and corn starch is described. The ability of PVT measurements to predict the combined effects of pressure, volume,
and temperature effects is demonstrated. The results show that the PVT relations of the plastic can be predicted by using
a regression analysis similar to the Tait equations of state. A change in slope of the PVT curves was observed at around 80‡C,
which is ascribed to the glass-transition process of the plastic. Evidence of onset of thermal degradation of the plastic
was observed at ca. 160‡C under 0 to 200 MPa isobaric pressure. This thermal degradation precluded determination of the crystal
melting point of the plastic. 相似文献
92.
Mechanical Properties with the Functional Group of Additives for Starch/PVA Blend Film 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper deals with the mechanical properties and degree of swelling (DS) of starch/PVA blend film with the functional groups
i.e., hydroxyl and carboxyl group, of additives. Starch/PVA blend films were prepared by using the mixing process. Glycerol
(GL) with 3 hydroxyl group, sorbitol (SO) with 6 hydroxyl group, succinic acid (SA) with 2 carboxyl group, malic acid (MA)
with 1 hydroxyl and 2 carboxyl group, tartaric acid (TA) with 2 hydroxyl and 2 carboxyl group and citric acid (CA) with 1
hydroxyl and 3 carboxyl group were used as additives. The results of measured tensile strength (TS) and elongation (%E) verified
that both hydroxyl and carboxyl group as a functional groups increased the flexibility and strength of the film. Values of
DS for GL-added and SA-added films were low. However, DS values of the films added MA, TA or CA with both hydroxyl and carboxyl
group were comparatively high. When the film was dried at low temperature, the properties of the films were evidently improved.
The reason is probably because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature. 相似文献
93.
The New Jersey Toxics Reduction Workplan for Ny-Nj Harbor: Distribution of Pcdd/Fs in Ambient Waters
As part of the NJ Toxics Reduction Workplan for NY-NJ Harbor, ambient water samples were collected at fifteen locations along
the tidal portions of the Hackensack, Passaic, Raritan, Rahway and Elizabeth Rivers, and in Newark Bay, the Arthur Kill, and
Kill van Kull. A Trace Organics Platform Sampler was used to collect a total of 75 suspended sediment phase samples between
June 2000 and May 2002. These samples were analyzed for spatial and wet vs. dry weather trends in the 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs; modified USEPA Method 1613b). Mean total PCDD/F (tPCDD/F) concentrations at the sampling locations
ranged between 3.8 and 41.5 ng/g. On average, OCDD accounted for almost 80% of the tPCDD/F concentrations; mean total [PCDD/F
– OCDD] concentrations ranged between 0.84 and 5.20 ng/g at the sampling locations. Mean 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations ranged
between 0.003 and 0.28 ng/g, with the highest concentrations (> 0.10 ng/g) along the tidal Passaic and lower Hackensack Rivers,
and in upper Newark Bay. Mean tPCDD/F Toxic Equivalency Quotients (TEQ) ranged between 45 and 344 TEQ pg/g, with the highest
levels found in the lower Passaic River. Toxicity was primarily driven by 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations in the Passaic and Hackensack
Rivers, and in Newark Bay. Examples of congener distribution patterns at some of the sampling locations are also presented. 相似文献
94.
人机显示/控制界面适配性综合评价指标和评价方法 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
通过对驾驶舱人机显示 /控制界面适配性指标影响因素、视觉信息流工效的测定与评估方法的研究 ,建立了一套视觉信息流工效综合评估系统研究体系 ;研究的初步结果主要有 ,飞机驾驶员视域中存在最佳、较好、极限工效区 ,并且振动、反射眩光、噪声、显示字符的形状 /颜色特征 /对比度 /显示方式等是影响信息获取工效的主要因素 ;飞机驾驶舱显示布局及显示方式应符合视觉工效学设计原则。 相似文献
95.
基于C/S与B/S混合模式的大气污染监测系统设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以C/S与B/S混合模式为基础的大气监测系统、既能充分发挥网络资源的便捷化,实现企业监测数据与管理系统的快速链接,又充分利用C/S模式的安全性能,以保证系统的安全性。因而此系统是当前的一种较新型的,功能较为强大的网络监测系统。 相似文献
96.
Donna M. Cosgrove Gary S. Johnson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(6):1469-1482
ABSTRACT: Increasing demands on western water are causing a mounting need for the conjunctive management of surface water and ground water resources. Under western water law, the senior water rights holder has priority over the junior water rights holder in times of water shortage. Water managers have been reluctant to conjunctively manage surface water and ground water resources because of the difficulty of quantification of the impacts to surface water resources from ground water stresses. Impacts from ground water use can take years to propagate through an aquifer system. Prediction of the degree of impact to surface water resources over time and the spatial distribution of impacts is very difficult. Response functions mathematically describe the relationship between a unit ground water stress applied at a specific location and stream depletion or aquifer water level change elsewhere in the system. Response functions can be used to help quantify the spatial and temporal impacts to surface water resources caused by ground water pumping. This paper describes the theory of response functions and presents an application of transient response functions in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. Transient response functions can be used to facilitate the conjunctive management of surface and ground water not only in the eastern Snake River Plain basin, but also in similar basins throughout the western United States. 相似文献
97.
98.
A study of a watershed planning process in the Cache River Watershed in southern Illinois revealed that class divisions, based
on property ownership, underlay key conflicts over land use and decision-making relevant to resource use. A class analysis
of the region indicates that the planning process served to endorse and solidify the locally-dominant theory that landownership
confers the right to govern. This obscured the class differences between large full-time farmers and small-holders whose livelihood
depends on non-farm labor. These two groups generally opposed one another regarding wetland drainage. Their common identity
as “property owner” consolidated the power wielded locally by large farmers. It also provided an instrument – the planning
document – for state and federal government agencies to enhance their power and to bring resources to the region. The planning
process simultaneously ameliorated conflicts between government agencies and the large farmers, while enhancing the agencies’
capacity to reclaim wetlands. In this contradictory manner, the plan promoted the environmental aims of many small-holders,
and simultaneously disempowered them as actors in the region’s political economy.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
99.
This study integrated aerial photographs from 1952, 1981, and 1998, and a satellite image from 2000 with oral histories and
socioeconomic surveys to assess changes in forest and land cover in Ang Nhai village, Laos. The study documents the history
of resource use and changes in household access to resources in the village. Three distinctive trends were observed in terms
of forest and land cover—forest degradation, deforestation, and regeneration. Project results suggest that land and forest
cover change dynamically under different circumstances. The case study also points out that integration into the market economy
can induce intensification of unused lowland areas, while removing pressures from upland areas previously used for supplementing
agricultural production. In addition, the creation of a national reserve forest to restrict local access and forest use was
an ineffective tool for regulating encroachment and logging activities. 相似文献
100.
Alan M. Stueber Robert E. Criss 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(2):267-290
ABSTRACT: An extensive base of water quality information emphasizing the effects of land use and hydrology was obtained in the karstified Fountain Creek watershed of southwestern Illinois to help resolve local water quality issues. Agrichemicals dominate the loads of most water quality constituents in the streams and shallow karstic ground water. Only calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), Aluminum (A1), and sulfate (SO4) ions are predominantly derived from bedrock or soils, while agrichemicals contribute most of the sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), nitrate (NO3), fluorine (F), phosphorus (P), and atrazine. Concentrations of individual ions correlate with discharge variations in karst springs and surface streams; highly soluble ions supplied by diffuse ground water are diluted by high flows, while less soluble ions increase with flow as they are mobilized from fields to karst conduits under storm conditions. Treated wastewater containing detergent residues dominates the boron load of streams and provides important subordinate loads of several other constituents, including atrazine derived from the Mississippi River via the public water supply. Average surface water concentrations at the watershed outlet closely approximate a 92:8 mixture of karst ground water and treated wastewater, demonstrating the dominance of ground water contributions to streams. Therefore the karst aquifer and watershed streams form a single water quality system that is also affected by wastewater effluent. 相似文献