输油管道弯头穿孔泄漏数值模拟

我国在役输油管道经过多年冲刷及腐蚀后,存在安全隐患,使得对输油管道泄漏事故的研究具有重要的现实意义。基于计算流体力学方法,采用有限容积法,建立管道泄漏控制方程,研究不同输送速度及泄漏孔径对泄漏后管内压强分布及泄漏量的影响。结果表明:泄漏孔径一定,输送速度分别与管内压强和泄漏量成正、负相关,泄漏口下游存在局部高压区;输送速度一定,泄漏孔径分别与管内压强和泄漏量成负、正相关,局部高压区的强度降低、范围减小。实际工作中可以采用一定方法增大管内输送速度或增大泄漏口径,从而减少实际的原油泄漏量。     

辛一联合站污油处理的控制措施

介绍了集输泵站污油回收处理的现状，分析了污油回收对泵站正常生产的影响因素，提出了解决办法，使泵站安全、平稳的生产得到了保障。     

Combustion performance and emission characteristics on HCCI engine of waste plastic pyrolysis oil biodiesel blends with external PFI and vaporiser

ABSTRACT

Analysis of plastic oil obtained from waste plastic through pyrolysis process, as an alternative to biodiesel is presented in this paper. The HCCI engine is considered for experimental validation of combustion performance and emission characteristics. To accumulate pyrolysis oil as fuel, the design modifications were made in external mixture formation on the existing computerised 4-stroke, single cylinder, water cooled, direct injection kirloskar diesel engine connected with eddy current dynamometer to satisfy HCCI conditions. HCCI engine can be worked on wide assortment of fuels beginning from diesel to different blends (WPPO 5%,10%,15% and 20% by volume) of biodiesel .The designed additional device connected to the engine is utilised for fuel vaporisation and mixture arrangement. In the experimental study, the combustion results were initiate to be of 39.69 % higher Rate of Heat Release (RoHR) for biodiesel HCCI as compared with diesel HCCI. Higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was found 37 % without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at WPPO 20 % biodiesel blend. And also found 50 % and 65 % reduction in NOx emission and 18 % and 28 % reduction in smoke opacity are obtained for biodiesel vapour induction without EGR and biodiesel vapour induction with 15 % EGR as compared with diesel fuel. The CO (0.34 %), and UHC (2.15 %) emissions are increases with 15 % EGR, but the emissions are within the standard limits specified by the emissions standards.     

注水采油对中原油田生态环境的影响分析

随着近30年来中原油田高强度、大面积的石油开采，高强度注水采油和超采地下水造成的负面效应日益凸现。通过地下水位下降，地下漏斗面积增大，地面沉降，地裂缝，土壤、水体污染五个方面阐述了注水采油带来的生态环境问题，以及由此导致的对公共设施和建筑物的破坏、水土污染等严重后果。     

超声处理对提取苦杏仁挥发油的研究

研究了超声处理对提取苦杏仁挥发油的影响。结果表明,超声处理有利于提高苦杏仁挥发油的得率,在所选取的范围内随功率和时间的增加而提高;通过正交实验确定影响挥发油得率的因素从大到小依次为超声功率、物料细度、pH和处理时间,确定最优工艺组合是物料细度为80目;在pH值为5的提取液中浸泡后,超声功率为100W处理30min。经分析,超声处理得到挥发油样品的主要成分是苯甲醛。     

油气输送焊管残余应力测试与安全评价方法研究

针对油气输送焊管残余应力测试与评估技术难题,采用机械切割应力释放法对不同成型工艺和状态焊管的残余应力进行了测试分析对比,结果表明:UOE焊管的残余应力分布水平较低;ERW焊管次之;SSAW焊管的残余应力分布范围较广,有高有低。不同管型和成型工艺及水压试验状态具有明显不同的残余应力分布特征,在进行焊管安全评价时必须区别对待。根据残余应力实测结果提出了焊管安全评价时残余应力的取值建议。研究结果对管道设计、安全分析与评价、焊管残余应力的改善、控制及焊管合理选用具有重要工程意义。     

联合站储油罐区火灾危险性分析及维修控制安全探讨

本文分析了联合站储油罐区的火灾危险性,阐明了引起火灾的各种原因如明火、静电火花、雷击、碰撞和摩擦火花、电气设备故障、自燃等。一旦发生火灾,具有爆炸危险性大、易形成大面积燃烧、燃烧速度快、扑救难度大,损失大等特点。对储油罐动火维修的安全控制提出建议。     

采油废水COD_(cr)处理设计和实验研究

针对某油田采油污水处理工艺不能有效去除ＣＯＤ_(ｃｒ),致使处理后水中的ＣＯＤ_(ｃｒ)不能满足ＧＢ８９７８－１９９６《污水综合排放标准》要求的情况,进行了采油废水ＣＯＤ_(ｃｒ)处理试验研究和工艺方案设计。通过小型动态试验研究,初步提出了经济上可行、技术上有效、流程较简单、运行安全可靠的废水治理方案,并确定了关键的技术参数。     

Aid in the midst of plenty: oil wealth, misery and advocacy in Angola

This paper examines advocacy initiatives by humanitarian and human rights organisations to address problems of governance in resource-rich and conflict-affected countries, focussing on the case of Angola. Humanitarian principles preclude the use of indiscriminate conditionality and point towards a cautious approach to advocacy aimed at assisting vulnerable populations. Furthermore, the relatively insignificant amount of aid supplied to resource-rich local authorities means that individual agencies have precious little leverage, especially when commercial interests rather than humanitarian or 'good governance' principles influence the priorities of bilateral donors. A context of resource wealth calls for: high levels of coordination and cooperation between human rights groups, aid agencies and donors; balanced use of conditionality, based on the drawing, by donors, of a clear distinction between emergency and development-oriented assistance; and a sustained effort to highlight the responsibilities of local authorities, foreign governments and businesses in meeting humanitarian and development objectives.     

油气管道完整性管理技术及其进展

阐明油气管道完整性管理的概念、技术内涵及意义。提出油气管道完整性管理的技术流程;指出油气管道完整性管理应包括油气管道的GIS和数据库、风险评价、基于风险检测、适用性评价、管道地质灾害评估、管道维护决策及应急响应等关键技术;评述了国内外油气管道关键技术的研究进展。对进一步完善和发展管道完整性管理技术,加快管道完整性管理法规和标准体系的建设提出了合理化建议。