油罐雷害的种类及预防措施

油罐遭雷击引爆产生的后果特别严重.通过对油罐雷害的形成以及危害分析,指出了在生产上防止油罐雷害的发生应采取的技术措施和管理方法.     

海(水)上原油设施溢油防止对策

为了预防、控制海上原油泄漏对海域的污染,分别对临海(水)罐区、海(水)上石油勘探生产设施、海(水)底管线、油轮和油驳、码头等,提出溢油防止对策.     

紫外荧光法和化学发光法同时测定油品中的痕量硫和氮含量

用紫外荧光法和化学发光法同时测定油品中的痕量硫和氮含量,确定了油品中硫和氮转化为SO2、NO的最佳条件;测定了试样中硫和氮含量,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.92%、3.63%,回收率为92%～104%.     

A rough set-based quality function deployment (QFD) approach for environmental performance evaluation: a case of offshore oil and gas operations

Activities in offshore oil and gas (OOG) that cause environmental impacts can be systematically managed through an environmental management system (EMS). Environmental performance evaluation (EPE) is an essential part of an EMS. However, previous studies on EPE indicate that existing lists of indicators little insight into how indicators are modified to more accurately assess environmental performance.In this paper, a way is proposed to identify and define specific environmental performance indicators on a case-by-case basis, which consists of five steps: (1) describing environmental requirements; (2) determining favourable outcomes corresponding to the requirements; (3) identifying required activities or issues to achieve the outcomes; (4) searching for proper measures of the activities or issues; and (5) generating a list of key indicators. Based on these steps, a quality function deployment (QFD) approach is developed to determine key indicators and evaluate environmental performance. To handle uncertainties in QFD, the decision makers’ evaluations are quantified through rough numbers using the concept of rough sets. The outputs of the proposed approach are different environmental performance indices. Using these indices, decision makers can easily determine whether an improved performance has been achieved through an EMS. The proposed approach is transparent and promising for use as a unified tool for EPE. An application of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a numerical example.     

Life cycle assessment of an industrial symbiosis based on energy recovery from dried sludge and used oil

Recovering energy from wastes is a useful strategy for integrated waste and energy management in an eco-industrial park (EIP) and gives promising reduction of wastes, total energy consumption and operation cost. In Jinqiao EIP, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, an industrial symbiosis, based on the energy recovery from municipal sewage sludge and re-refined oil, was proposed in the central heat-supplying company of Jinqiao EIP. It is expected that hot off-gas or part of the steam from the central heat-supplying company could be used for sludge drying and used oil re-refining while the dried sludge and refined oil can be partial substitution for fossil fuel. For the purpose of assessing the environmental performance of this industrial symbiosis, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used and different scenarios were set up in this study to evaluate the Global warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Human toxicity air (HTA) and Total Environmental Impact Potential (TEIP) of the system. Results indicate that when the substitute ratio of coal by sludge is 14%, the proposed industrial symbiosis has the least environmental impact. Compared with the current situation (sludge is landfilled), co-combustion of dried sludge and re-refined oil with coal at optimal scale will release less CO₂, CH₄, NO_x, N₂O and CO, but more SO₂, H₂S, NH₃, HCl, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and heavy metals.     

粉煤灰对废水中的石油样品的吸附去除

用紫外分光光度法分析经粉煤灰处理后含油废水中的油样含量。考察了pH值,粉煤灰使用量,接触时间,废水中油样的初始浓度,温度等因素对粉煤灰除油率的影响。结果表明：用石油醚溶解的油样紫外光最佳吸收波长为272．5nm;中性条件下,粉煤灰对废水中的油样有较好的去除率;粉煤灰使用量增大、接触时间增加、温度升高有利于粉煤灰对油样的吸附去除;废水中油样含量越高,粉煤灰对其去除率越低。     

土壤中矿物油含量测定方法的研究

重点介绍了以四氯化碳为萃取剂,利用超声波清洗仪萃取土壤中的油类物质,红外分光光度法测定土壤中的矿物油含量的方法。实验表明此方法具有良好的线性关系,相关系数可达0．9999。方法检出限为0．50mg／kg。平行样品间分析、试剂空白加标与基体加标回收率均能满足样品分析对精密度和准确度的要求。     

油库上装密闭发油鹤管的研发

根据油库油气回收系统的工艺要求,分析了现有油库上装发油系统实现油气密闭收集的技术难点及需要解决的问题。借鉴下装式发油的技术特点,研发了上装密闭发油系统,提出了鹤管系统及油罐车改造方案。在对现有油库上装发油鹤管不进行大规模改造的前提下,实现了上装密闭发油,经现场应用,效果良好。     

浅析海上油田企业溢油应急物资配置

针对海上油田企业溢油事故的特点,分析了海上油田企业溢油应急物资配置的工作流程、工作内容以及应该注意的几个问题。     

原油加热炉对流炉管表面积灰清理技术的应用

针对鲁宁线和中洛线原油加热炉炉管穿孔现象,对加热炉积灰成分、性质及成因进行了分析,提出有效的高压蒸汽清灰技术。现场应用表明,该技术可提高炉管换热效率、减少炉管的腐蚀,确保加热炉的安全运行。