测定石油类几个关键试剂的探讨

通过对红外分光光度法测量污水石油类项目过程中是否需要使用氯化钠和无水硫酸钠试剂进行分析探讨,为优化实验室石油类检测提供一点建议。     

油罐清洗与罐底泥处理技术研究及应用

文章介绍了一种自动清罐与罐底泥处理相结合的清罐洗泥一体化技术,采用真空抽吸及循环自动清洗的方法进行自动清罐,同时采用热化学调质及离心分离的方法,对清罐底泥进行处理。室内实验研究表明在工艺温度80℃、pH值为9～11、洗泥调质时间100～180min的情况下,清罐及罐底泥处理能达到最优效果,并优选出合适的化学药剂。同时介绍了该技术的实际应用情况,该技术可自动清洗油罐,且实现罐底泥的油、泥、水三相分离,回收95%的原油,污水可以100%回用于清罐工艺流程中。     

公交车使用废食用油制生物柴油的污染物排放及VOCs成分谱

以国三、国五柴油公交车为研究对象,在重型底盘测功机上运行中国典型城市公交循环,分析了国三、国五柴油公交车使用柴油、废食用油制生物柴油-柴油混合燃料(B10)的污染物排放及VOCs成分谱.结果表明:国五公交车的THC、CO、PM和固态PM2.5数量排放比国三公交车分别降低39.3%、19.9%、77.4%和28.4%,NO_x升高31.7%;国三、国五公交车排放的VOCs主要为烷烃、烯烃和含氧化合物,国五公交车的烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、含氧化合物等VOCs排放较低,其VOCs大气反应活性降低,二次有机气溶胶的生成潜势较弱.与使用柴油比较,国三(国五)公交车使用B10的THC、CO、PM和固态PM2.5数量排放降低;国三公交车的NO_x排放增加,国五公交车的NOx排放降低;国三(国五)公交车使用B10的VOCs成分谱中含氧化合物降低,烯烃增加,VOCs大气反应活性增强.     

基于多维云模型的埋地并行油气管道风险评价研究*

为提高风险评价准确性以有效支撑管道完整性维护,保证油气管道在多管并行敷设下安全运行,提出1种基于博弈论-多维云模型的风险评价方法。首先,从并行间距、土壤压实度、土壤导热系数、介质流速、管径、埋深、应急响应时间、上下游截断阀间距等方面建立并行管道风险评价指标体系,为降低传统赋权方法的主观性,通过结合熵权法改进层次分析法（AHP）,从而确定主客观权重,再经博弈论组合赋权法综合计算指标权重;其次,运用多维云模型理论确定风险等级,通过修正各风险评分项的等级区间结合指标权重,计算出各级的综合确定度,并进行等级评判;最后,将该方法应用于工程实例。研究结果表明:所评价管段的指标风险处于中等风险水平,风险可接受,管段的整体风险评价结果良好,有利于并行管道安全管理;实例证明该评价方法具有较好的适用性。     

Performance evaluation of Nahar oil–diesel blends in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine

This study attempts to use plentiful available high oil content (67% of Nahar seed kernel) non-edible feedstock as a source for powering diesel engine. Various performance and emission characteristics of prepared Nahar oil–diesel blends (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) are analyzed in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine at different load spectrum, in order to judge the optimum blend, which can be efficiently used in a diesel engine. 10% blending of Nahar oil with diesel fuel has shown a reduction in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission by 8.64% and 8.34%, respectively. With the increase in blend concentration, the nitrogen oxide emission decreased considerably and smoke emission increased slightly. Further pressure crank angle and heat release rate analysis of 10% blending of Nahar oil with diesel confirms its smooth combustion inside the engine combustion chamber.     

Insiders and outsiders: local government and NGO engagement in disaster response in Guimaras,Philippines

This paper examines local government and non‐governmental organisation (NGO) engagement in disaster response in the wake of the M/T Solar 1 oil spill in Guimaras, Western Visayas, Philippines, on 11 August 2006. It assesses the response activities of these two entities as well as the institutional factors that affected their interaction on the ground. Local government and NGO engagement was shaped by multi‐layered, overlapping, and oftentimes contending government‐designed response frameworks. Within these frameworks, government actors played the role of primary implementer and provider of relief, allowing them to determine who could be involved and the extent of their involvement. The absence of formal roles for NGOs in these frameworks not only undermines their ability to work in a setting where such institutional set‐ups are operational but also it reaffirms their ‘outsider’ status. This study of the Guimaras oil spill illustrates the complexity and the institutional difficulties inherent in disaster response and coordination in the Philippines.     

CC-100复合型绝热涂层系统在油气储罐上的应用研究

塔里木油田主力油区年平均气温高且昼夜温差大,普通油气储罐的油气蒸发损耗大,同时由于油气蒸发导致储罐附近油气浓度大,存在一定安全隐患,对储罐周围的环境也造成一定污染。CC-100复合型绝热涂层系统具有高反射率、高辐射率、低导热系数、低蓄热系数的特点,通过在塔里木油田的应用,有效降低了油气储罐表面温度和油气损耗。文章对该绝热涂层系统在塔里木油田的应用情况及取得的效果进行了论述。     

高效物化法处理炼油废水

采用斜板式隔油沉淀与两级混凝气浮组成的工艺处理炼油废水。隔油池中设置斜板提高了油与悬浮物的去除率，同时也提高了油的回收量。循环式刮油刮泥机可及时刮除浮油与沉泥。混凝使胶粒与乳化油粒脱稳、聚集，易被气浮法去除。两级气浮串联使气浮系统的去除效率高并运行稳定。     

基于油冷管失效的振动试验方法的研究

本文研究了普通轿车变速箱油冷器连接管路的典型失效模式。通过采集实车振动谱,采用快速傅立叶变换成PSD图谱并分析频域特点,选择特征点能量修正试验台架规范的输入,从而复现失效模式达到充分验证的目的。     

稠油及超稠油污水达标外排处理工艺研究

稠油及超稠油污水具有黏度大、油水密度差小、乳化严重、水温高、水质水量变化大、成分复杂等特点,该废水的B/C小于0.3,属于难生物降解污水.通过试验表明,采用预处理工艺先除油、除悬浮物,再进行生物处理工艺去除可生化降解COD,最后经过深度处理工艺去除残余的难生化降解COD,可保证处理后水质全面达标.