老边区城区环境噪声功能区划分综述

噪声功能区划分是环境保护工作的主要内容之一。通过对营口市老边区自然条件及城区状况的分析,对噪声区域进行了详细科学的划分,为提高人居环境质量、加强噪声防治工作及城市规划建设提供了参考。     

基于事故统计分析的城市轨道交通运营安全和可靠性研究

本文通过对城市轨道交通运营事故的统计分析,研究了影响轨道交通运营安全和可靠性的主要因素,并构建了城市轨道交通运营安全保障体系,以为提高轨道交通运营安全和可靠性的研究提供依据。     

从一起爆炸事故谈作业安全票证(单)的管理

从一起爆炸事故的原因--没有办理设备检修许可证,分析了使用作业安全票证(单)存在的问题,提出了加强作业安全票证(单)管理措施.     

城镇污水处理排放标准改革的费效分析

从费用效果角度对提高城镇污水处理排放标准的科学性和可实施性进行探讨,利用污染源普查数据,通过城镇污水治理投资和运行函数的构建,计算不同处理规模和排放标准下的污水处理投资和运行费用,在全国层面上计算提高污水处理排放标准所需费用和污染物的减排效果.研究表明：污水处理厂的投资和运行费用的增加随着污水处理规模的增加而递减.以污...     

焦化废水处理工程调试运行研究

针对焦化废水处理调试运行存在的问题,以实际运行中的焦化废水处理工程为例,介绍了其调试运行过程.指出焦化废水调试及稳定运行的控制要点,并提出调试运行过程中可能出现的问题及解决措施,为同类废水的调试和运行提供参考.     

四川某中小城镇污水处理厂进水水质统计分析

生活污水水质对处理工艺的选择、设计参数的选取以及稳定运行十分重要。运用SPSS软件,对四川某中小城镇污水处理厂为期一年的进水指标(水量、COD、氨氮、总磷、pH、SS)进行方差和相关性分析。方差分析结果显示进水量、氨氮和SS在月份和季节之间存在显著性差异,而总磷和pH仅在月份之间存在显著差异,COD在季度和月份之间无显著性差异;指标相关性分析表明,进水量和氨氮之间呈负相关,氨氮和总磷、COD和总磷之间呈正相关,且相关性显著。在此分析的基础上对污水处理厂设计、工艺选择及运行管理提出了一些建议。     

Fouling distribution in forward osmosis membrane process

Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis （FO） membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased along the membrane channel due to decreasing osmotic pressure differential across the FO membrane. A series of fouling experiments were conducted under the draw and feed solutions at various recoveries simulated by the model. The simulated fouling experiments revealed that higher organic （alginate） fouling and thus more flux decline were observed at the last section of a membrane channel, as foulants in feed solution became more concentrated. Furthermore, the water flux in FO process declined more severely as the recovery increased due to more foulants transported to membrane surface with elevated solute concentrations at higher recovery, which created favorable solution environments for organic adsorption. The fouling reversibility also decreased at the last section of the membrane channel, suggesting that fouling distribution on FO membrane along the module should be carefully examined to improve overall cleaning efficiency. Lastly, it was found that such fouling distribution observed with co-current flow operation became less pronounced in counter- current flow operation of FO membrane process.     

Aerobic granules cultivated and operated in continuous-flow bioreactor under particle-size selective pressure

A novel method based on the selective pressure of particle size （particle-size cultivation method, PSCM） was developed for the cultivation and operation of aerobic granular sludge in a continuous-flow reactor, and compared with the conventional method based on the selective pressure of settling velocity （settling-velocity cultivation method, SVCM）. Results indicated that aerobic granules could be cultivated in continuous operation mode by this developed method within 14 days. Although in the granulation process, under particle-size selective pressure, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） in the reactor fluctuated greatly and filamentous bacteria dominated the sludge system during the initial operation days, no obvious difference in profile was found between the aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM and SVCM. Moreover, aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM presented larger diameter, lower water content and higher specific rates of nitrification, denitrifieation and phosphorus removal, but lower settling velocity. Under long term operation of more than 30 days, aerobic granules in the continuous-flow reactor could remain stable and obtain good chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH4^＋-N, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） removal. The results indicate that PSCM was dependent on the cultivation and maintenance of the stability of aerobic granules in continuous-flow bioreactors.     

淠河灌区集中式饮用水源地水质健康风险等级研究

为了解淠河灌区集中式饮用水源地水质健康风险状况,选取Cr6+、As、Cd、Pb、Mn、Cu、Zn、Fe、F、NH+4-N等10项污染因子作为健康风险指标,运用三角模糊集理论和α-截集技术,确立置信度为0.8,得到各污染指标的健康风险区间值;同时建立模糊化特征的风险等级判别标准和判别方法.结果表明,该水源地水质总健康风险值为4,风险等级为Ⅳ级(一般).3种化学致癌物Cr6+、As、Cd合计风险区间值介于5.586×10-5~9.365×10-5之间,风险由高到低的顺序依次为:Cr6+AsCd,浓度在空间上变化不大,具有一定的负面效应,但均未超过美国环保署推荐的最大可接受水平1.0×10-4;Cr6+风险区间值较大,风险等级较高,应将Cr6+作为首要的健康风险管理控制指标.其余7种非致癌化学有毒物没有风险,不存在负面效应,非致癌健康风险明显低于致癌风险.     

石化企业苯类物质非密闭操作过程的职业暴露分析

采用职业卫生学调查和职业暴露风险评估方法,对选定的苯类物质非密闭操作过程较集中的芳烃装置进行职业暴露分析和评估,为石化企业苯类物质的健康风险控制提供依据。