基于活性污泥模型的污水COD组分划分方案研究

活性污泥数学模型(ASM)在污水处理厂的成功应用与进水组分的正确划分密切相关.从标准化和定量化的角度利用3个批式试验开发了COD组分划分方案及Matlab计算程序.该方案在上海2个污水处理厂的测定结果表明,曲阳污水厂进水COD中含有8.1%±1.6%的易生物降解组分SS、6.3%±2.2%的溶解性惰性组分SI、45.5%±3.5%的慢速生物降解组分XS、31.1%±2.1%的颗粒性惰性组分XI和9.0%±1.1%的异养菌组分XH.而白龙港污水厂进水COD中含有11.1%±2.2%的SS、9.9%±2.0%的SI、38.9%±10.7%的XS、23.3%±9.8%的XI和16.9%±1.8%的XH.与曲阳污水厂相比,白龙港污水厂进水COD中XS和XI含量偏低,而XH/COD值则明显偏高,表明长距离管道输送会显著影响COD组分浓度.     

辅料配比对污泥生物-物理联合干燥的影响

利用自主研制的污泥生物-物理联合干燥反应系统研究了脱水污泥∶树皮∶回流污泥分别为7∶3∶0.5、9∶3∶0.5和12∶3∶0.5时,污泥生物-物理联合干燥过程中温度、含水率等参数的变化规律.结果表明,污泥温度随干燥时间延长先增大后减小,含水率在0～96 h逐渐降低,继续延长反应时间,则变化不明显.当脱水污泥∶树皮∶回流...     

脱水污泥等温干燥特性实验研究及回归分析

利用热重差热分析仪（DTG）对脱水污泥进行干燥实验,测定干燥参数和干燥条件对脱水污泥等温干燥特性的影响,研究了3个温度水平（85℃,100℃,120℃）,5个空气流速（10mL/min,20mL/min,40mL/min,50mL/min,70mL/min）和3个升温速率（15℃/min,20℃/min,40℃/min）。结果表明,样品的干燥速率随着终温的升高、升温速率和空气流速的增大而加快。脱水污泥的干燥过程主要分为加速、恒速和降速3个阶段,且降速干燥段在整个干燥过程中所占的比例较大。其干燥数学模型符合Page方程,经拟合得到 。验证表明,拟合方程算得的MR值与实验结果比较接近。该模型方程可用于描述城市污水污泥的干燥。     

连续流膜生物反应器中好氧颗粒污泥的形成及机制探讨

为了探讨好氧颗粒污泥在连续流膜生物反应器(MBR)中的形成过程和机制,采用连续流试验的方法,研究了好氧颗粒污泥形成过程中膜反应器内污染物的去除效果和好氧颗粒污泥特性的变化,并对连续流MBR中好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制进行了探讨.结果显示,连续流MBR中好氧颗粒污泥的形成增强了MBR的运行稳定性和抗冲击能力.废水中微生物抑制...     

含油污泥无害化处置优化研究及生命周期评价

提出含油污泥的优化处置方案,并通过生命周期评价方法(LCA)对优化方案进行环境影响评价。结果表明,与原处置工艺相比优化后环境负荷降低了99.62%。     

基于部分湿式氧化法的污泥资源化研究

介绍了部分湿式氧化法的基本原理,指出COD去除率是判断是否部分湿式氧化的重要指标。用高压反应釜进行污泥处理,在一定的温度、压力和适合氧气量的条件下,考察了COD去除率、有机物降解率、pH值、过滤性能等随反应时间的变化。试验结果表明,通过控制反应时间,可以实现污泥的部分湿式氧化。考察了污泥经过部分湿式氧化后产物的性质,包括颗粒分布、有机物含量、养分含量和重金属等项目,分析结果表明,产物具有良好的资源化前景。     

加压气浮法处理含油废水中溶气压力对出水水质的影响与应用研究

以实际工作中的含油废水为研究对象,采用加压气浮处理工艺,通过多年的实际应用与对监测数据的分析,总结出气浮压力对气浮处理效果的影响,通过对溶气罐压力的调整,可得到最佳的出水水质。该项研究结果操作方便、处理效率高、易于控制、对今后的工作具有指导意义,有很好的推广价值。     

Mobilities and leachabilities of heavy metals in sludge with humus soil

Chemical forms of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in municipal sewage sludge were investigated by adding humus soil to sludge and by performing sequential extraction procedures. In the final sludge mixtures, Zn and Ni were mainly found in Fe/Mn oxide-bound (F3) and organic matter/sulfide-bound (F4) forms. For Zn, exchangeable (F1), carbonate-bound (F2), and F3 forms were transformed to F4 and residual forms (F5). For Ni, F1 and F2 forms were transformed to F1, F2, and F3 forms. Both Cu and Pb were strongly associated with the stable forms F4 and F5. For Cu, F2 and F3 forms were major contributors, while for Pb, F3 and F4 forms were major contributors to F5. Humus soil dosage and pH conditions in the sludge were strongly correlated with the forms of heavy metals. Five forms were used to evaluate metal mobilities in the initial and final sludge mixtures. The mobilities of the four heavy metals studied decreased after 28 days. The metal mobilities in the final sludge mixtures were ranked in the following order: Ni > Zn > Cu = Pb. Leaching tests showed that the mobilities of Zn and Ni in lower pH conditions (pH 4) were higher than those in higher pH conditions (pH 8).     

Impacts of wastewater sludge amendments in restoring nitrogen cycle in p-nitrophenol contaminated soil

The possible impacts on nitrogen-cycle in a p-nitrophenol (PNP) polluted soil and the e ectiveness of wastewater sludge amendments in restoring nitrification potential and urease activity were evaluated by an incubation study. The results indicated that PNP at 250 mg/kg soil inhibited urease activity, nitrification potential, arginine ammonification rate and heterotrophic bacteria counts to some extents. After exposure to PNP, the nitrification potential of the tested soil was dramatically reduced to zero over a period of 30 days. Based on the findings, nitrification potential was postulated as a simple biochemical indicator for PNP pollution in soils. Nitrogen-cycling processes in soils responded positively to the applications of wastewater sludges. A sludge application rate of 200 tons/ha was su cient for successful biostimulation of these nitrogen processes. The microbial activities in sludge-amended, heavy PNP-polluted soils seemed to recover after 30–45 days, indicating the e ectiveness of sludge as a useful soil amendment.     

Enhancement of thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thickened waste activated sludge by combined microwave and alkaline pretreatment

Pretreatment of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) by combined microwave and alkaline pretreatment (MAP) was studied to improve thermophilic anaerobic digestion efficiency. Uniform design was applied to determine the combination of target temperature (110–210°C), microwave holding time (1–51 min), and NaOH dose (0–2.5 g NaOH/g suspended solids (SS)) in terms of their effect on volatile suspended solids (VSS) solubilization. Maximum solubilization ratio (85.1%) of VSS was observed at 210°C with 0.2 g-NaOH/g-SS and 35 min holding time. The effects of 12 different pretreatment methods were investigated in 28 thermophilic batch reactors by monitoring cumulative methane production (CMP). Improvements in methane production in the TWAS were directly related to the microwave and alkaline pretreatment of the sludge. The highest CMP was a 27% improvement over the control. In spite of the increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration and the decrease in dewaterability of digested sludge, a semi-continuous thermophilic reactor fed with pretreated TWAS without neutralization (at 170°C with 1 min holding time and 0.05 g NaOH/g SS) was stable and functioned well, with volatile solid (VS) and total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) reductions of 28% and 18%, respectively, which were higher than those of the control system. Additionally, methane yields (L@STP/g-CODadded, at standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions of 0°C and 101.325 kPa) and (L@STP/g VSadded) increased by 17% and 13%, respectively, compared to the control reactor.