我国龙头企业主导型农业集群技术创新模式分析

技术创新是农业集群持续发展的动力源泉,集群内外组织之间的合作有力于推动农业集群技术创新。从集群参与主体的角度,阐述了农业集群技术创新模式的三种类型,分别运用Stackelberg模型和Cournot模型对单龙头、多龙头企业主导型农业集群的技术创新模式进行了分析,并提出了促进龙头企业主导型农业集群技术创新的建议。     

论竞技武术套路新规则及动作的创新

本文运用文献资料、调查访问等方法,对竞技武术套路新旧竞赛规则进行对比,并分析探讨新规则的实施对武术套路训练的影响,提出对此所应采取的训练方法和策略,同时对竞技武术套路动作创新的科学性、新颖性、针对性、技击、美学等原则与难度递进法、组合法、象形法等方法进行了论述,以拓宽武术动作创新的思路,为竞技武术套路动作的创新提供理论依据。     

How much do people who live near major nuclear facilities worry about those facilities? Analysis of national and site-specific data

Large nuclear waste management, laboratory and electric power generating complexes are a daunting challenge for state, regional and local planners. A survey of 2101 residents who lived near 11 nuclear power plants and US Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear waste management sites and laboratories was conducted to determine how much nearby residents worried about accidents and chronic emissions at the nuclear sites, how much they trusted the sites’ responsible parties, and actions that they wanted responsible parties to take to reduce public concern. Six hundred other people who lived elsewhere in the US were a comparison group. Nuclear site-related issues were a greater concern among the 2101 who lived near the sites than the comparison group. Yet many were more concerned about global warming, traffic congestion, and loss of open space than nuclear technologies. Monitoring the environment and people were the actions deemed most likely to reduce public concern. The results pose a challenge to owner-operators of nuclear facilities, government entities and especially to locally based environmental planners and managers to establish partnerships with each other and diverse communities that will allow them to manage some of these risks for decades and in some cases into perpetuity.     

惠州大亚湾石化区综合污水处理厂技改尝试

为提高污水处理效果,降低运行成本,惠州大亚湾石化区综合污水处理厂针对实际来水状况,对原有工艺进行一系列工艺技术改造,改造后工艺系统运行良好,出水水质较高,达到广东省《水污染物排放限值》(DB4426-2001)第二时段一级标准。惠州大亚湾石化区综合污水处理厂的小水量技术改造表明:通过有效的技术改造和调整技术管理措施,可提高污水处理率、减少环境污染、降低生产成本、减少资源浪费。     

Closing the knowledge-action gap in conservation with open science

The knowledge-action gap in conservation science and practice occurs when research outputs do not result in actions to protect or restore biodiversity. Among the diverse and complex reasons for this gap, three barriers are fundamental: knowledge is often unavailable to practitioners and challenging to interpret or difficult to use or both. Problems of availability, interpretability, and useability are solvable with open science practices. We considered the benefits and challenges of three open science practices for use by conservation scientists and practitioners. First, open access publishing makes the scientific literature available to all. Second, open materials (detailed methods, data, code, and software) increase the transparency and use of research findings. Third, open education resources allow conservation scientists and practitioners to acquire the skills needed to use research outputs. The long-term adoption of open science practices would help researchers and practitioners achieve conservation goals more quickly and efficiently and reduce inequities in information sharing. However, short-term costs for individual researchers (insufficient institutional incentives to engage in open science and knowledge mobilization) remain a challenge. We caution against a passive approach to sharing that simply involves making information available. We advocate a proactive stance toward transparency, communication, collaboration, and capacity building that involves seeking out and engaging with potential users to maximize the environmental and societal impact of conservation science.     

人力资本积累、企业创新与中等收入陷阱

中国经济长期向好的基本面虽未改变,但2010年以来经济增速不断回落,一些阻碍经济可持续发展的不利因素不断积累,落入"中等收入陷阱"的风险有所上升。揭示中等收入陷阱的产生机制,显然对于政府形成规避中等收入陷阱的有效政策具有重要意义。本文根据社会再生产理论,建立了"世代交叠"模型,对中等收入陷阱的产生机制作出理论解释,并运用中国1998—2014年各地区经济数据进行了验证,结果表明:(1)人力资本积累和企业创新会在不同程度上促进经济增长,并且二者存在协同效应;(2)上中等层次人力资本积累与企业创新的协同效应可以带动经济增长;(3)下中等层次人力资本与企业创新的协同效应对经济增长的作用不显著。这意味着现阶段中国经济发展不仅应注重人力资本量的积累,更要保证质的提升。基于此,应从下三个方面着手推动中国经济实现中高速增长:(1)着力提升科技创新能力,科学构建产权保护法律体系,促进形成企业家倡导企业科研创新的机制,激发企业创新的主观能动性,维护创新企业对于运用和转让科研成果的合法权益;(2)着力培育高素质人才的教育体系,稳步提升高等教育入学率和办学质量,鼓励教育培训机构适度创新,推动培训方式项目化,针对岗位需求扩充劳动者知识和技术储备;(3)着力降低初中及以下人口的规模与比例,延长义务教育年限,鼓励优质教育资源向不发达地区适度转移,关注偏远地区贫困人群的入学情况,努力为穷人提供公平发展的机会。     

试论广东省农村产业布局与城市郊区空间创新

讨论了广东沿海地区乡镇企业的区位选择问题及城市郊区的生态环境现状；提出了农村产业布局空间创新的概念，并结合实际论述了产业布局与环境建设的关系。     

The price of innovation: An analysis of the marginal cost of green buildings

Energy efficiency plays an important role in reducing the carbon externality from buildings, but economic analyses of more efficient, green building have thus far ignored input costs. This paper finds that the average marginal cost of green-labeled construction projects is smaller than the value premiums documented in the literature. However, design fees, representing just a fraction of development costs but paid largely up-front, are significantly higher for green construction projects. These projects also take longer to complete. The results provide some insight into the market barriers and market failures that may explain the relatively slow adoption of otherwise economically rational green construction practices.     

循环经济创新评价指标体系研究

循环经济是绿色、低碳的可持续发展模式。实践充分证明,发展循环经济必须以创新为动力。循环经济创新是一项涉及面广、综合性很强的系统工程。为了科学地评价循环经济创新状况,构建一套设计合理、操作性较强的循环经济创新评价指标体系,为循环经济管理及其创新提供数据支持是十分必要的。本文根据循环经济理论,依据目前我国循环经济发展及循环经济创新情况,提出了构建循环经济创新评价指标的原则,并提出了涵盖9个一级指标、52个二级指标的评价体系。根据我国循环经济发展实际以及国家经济政策等综合考量,设置出了体现我国国情的循环经济创新评价指标体系的指标评分标准。主要用于对全社会和各地循环经济创新状况进行总体的定量判断,为循环经济发展提供依据和指导。     

中国30个地区环境技术创新能力分类特征

区域环境技术创新能力是决定区域产业发展水平、经济实力增长的关键,是区域可持续竞争优势的源泉.本文通过搜集环境技术创新投入、产出与关联的相关变量和数据;利用Q型聚类方法,提取最具代表性的变量指标;然后对缩减后的变量作因子分析,提取主成分,随之,按照各区域的主成分值进行聚类,确定各区域所属类别,并采用判别分析方法,对各区域所属类别进行检验、调整.结果显示:第一类地区主要包括海南在内的经济发展较为落后、生态环境遭受破坏相对较少的我国西部地区;第二类地区主要集中在技术引进与吸收能力强、区域内企业实力强、人力资本积聚能力强的东部和中部地区;第三类地区主要集中在我国农业产业发展历史悠久,但随着农业向工业快速发展,所遭受的环境破坏也愈发严重的中部地区;第四类地区主要包括辽宁、四川等我国工业制造业最集中和发达的地区;第五类地区则是我国市场经济发展最完善、环保方面的经济活动表现相对较优的东南沿海地区.最后,结合各类别地区环境技术创新的实际状况与原因,针对性地提出对策,为提升各区域环境技术创新能力提供参考.