基于BP神经网络的垃圾焚烧过程故障诊断

应用BP神经网络方法,建立了垃圾焚烧过程故障诊断的模型.该方法采用梯度下降法训练网络权值,利用最优停止法对网络进行了优化,避免了过拟合现象.提高了BP神经网络的训练速度和泛化能力.并以实际焚烧过程工况数据进行性能检验,检验结果表明了该BP网络具有较高的诊断精度.     

活性污泥法的多变量最优控制Ⅲ.限制最高和同时限制平均与最高出水BOD浓度

在前文的基础上，进一步研究了更常用的限制最高和同时限制平均与最高出水有机物浓度两种排放标准的约束条件下，使其运行费用最省的最优周期控制问题。计算结果都表明，最优控制变量ＱＷ和ＤＯ的变化规律都尽可能使其满足的约束条件和节省运行费用，但是，当进水负荷变化幅度非常大时，任何控制也难于使出水水质达标，而运行费用还会大幅度增大。     

Spatial,temporal, and environmental limits on xanthotoxin induction in wild parsnip foliage

Summary Although present constitutively in large amounts, furanocoumarins in leaves of wild parsnip,Pastinaca sativa, are inducible to even higher concentrations by mechanical and insect damage. We conducted several experiments in order to characterize the nature and extent of xanthotoxin inducibility inP. sativa foliage. In order to determine the extent to which induction is localized, we mechanically damaged a single leaflet of a compound leaf on seven plants. Xanthotoxin concentrations increased significantly only in the damaged leaflet and in the half of the terminal leaflet closest to the damaged leaflet; thus, xanthotoxin induction is localized to the immediate vicinity of damage. To determine whether xanthotoxin induction results fromin situ biosynthesis or translocation from other plant parts, we detached individual leaflets from ten plants, damaged half of these detached leaflets, and compared xanthotoxin concentrations after 6 h in damaged and intact leaflets. We found that xanthotoxin concentrations increased 41% in damaged leaflets compared to detached leaflets that were not damaged. We also determined the rapidity and duration of the induction response. In leaflets that were damaged and then harvested after 0, 3, 24, 72, 120 and 168 h, xanthotoxin concentrations increased rapidly compared to undamaged leaflets on the opposite side of the leaf, reaching maximum levels within 24 h. This response was of comparatively short duration; concentrations declined to preinduction levels after seven days. To determine whether availability of resources influences the induced response, we performed two experiments, one in which soil nutrients were manipulated and one in which light level was manipulated. The low nutrient treatment was sufficiently extreme to cause cessation of aboveground growth, and the low light treatment caused etiolation. Extremes of resource limitation notwithstanding, leaflets significantly increased xanthotoxin production (2 to 3-fold increase under nutrient limitation and 3-fold increase under light limitation) in response to damage in both experiments.     

Antennal responses of the western pine beetle, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dendroctonus brevicomis</Emphasis> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to stem volatiles of its primary host, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus ponderosa</Emphasis>, and nine sympatric nonhost angiosperms and conifers

Summary. Stem volatile extracts from ten trees that are sympatric with the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were assayed by gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection analysis (GC-EAD). The extracts were from the primary host, ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. (Pinaceae); two nonhost angiosperms, California black oak, Quercus kelloggii Newb. (Fagaceae), and quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae); and seven nonhost conifers, white fir, Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. (Pinaceae), incense cedar, Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin (Cupressaceae), Sierra lodgepole pine, P. contorta murrayana Grev. & Balf. (Pinaceae), Jeffrey pine, P. jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. (Pinaceae), sugar pine, P. lambertiana Dougl. (Pinaceae), Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Pinaceae), and mountain hemlock, Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. (Pinaceae). Sixty-four compounds were identified from the ten trees, 42 of which elicited antennal responses in D. brevicomis, usually in both sexes. In addition, several synthetic compounds, including a number of the antennally-active compounds from the extracted trees and some bark beetle pheromone components, elicited antennal responses in a manner similar to that observed with the extracts. Of the antennally-active compounds known to be present in trees sympatric with D. brevicomis, only geraniol was unique to its host. Four antennally-active compounds were found in the host and in other conifers; five compounds were found only in nonhost conifers; eight compounds were found in either or both of the nonhost angiosperms; eight compounds were found in either or both of the angiosperms and in nonhost conifers, but not in the host; and 19 were found in both the host and in angiosperms and/or nonhost conifers. Several bark beetle pheromone components were found in the stem volatile extracts. Conophthorin was identified from both nonhost angiosperms; exo-brevicomin was identified in A. concolor; verbenone was identified from a number of nonhost conifers; and chalcogran was identified from P. tremuloides. The number of nonhost volatile chemicals that D. brevicomis encounters and is capable of detecting, and the diversity of sources from which they emanate, highlight the complexity of the olfactory environment in which D. brevicomis forages. This provides a basis for further work related to chemically-mediated aspects of foraging in this insect and perhaps other coniferophagous bark beetles, and highlights the need to consider foraging context in the design and implementation of semiochemical-based management tactics for tree protection.     

聚合铝的形态稳定性及其动电特性的研究

本文采用改进的Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ快速测定法研究了混凝过程中铝盐与聚合铝水解形态的转化规律及稳定性，并对混凝反应过程中铝与聚合铝溶解－沉淀形态分布与理论溶解度进行了对比，同时采用流动电流技术直接测定了铝盐与聚合铝絮凝剂的荷电状况，最后对发生在混凝过程中铝与聚合铝最佳凝聚形态进行了讨论。     

活性污泥法的多变量最优控制Ⅱ.限制有机物(BOD)的排放总量

着重研究了有限制有机物排放总量时，使其运行费用最低的最优周期控制问题。通过增加新的状态变量和用补偿函数法，将本课题的有约束条件问题化为无约束条件问题，并提出了最优长参数的动态搜索法来修改传统的梯度法，从而较完善地解决了多变量最优周期控制的计算问题。     

LGA风机圆盘式消声器的动态优化设计

通过对ＬＧＡ风机噪声频谱的测试分析，确认其空气动力性噪声最强。针对其频谱特性，采用动态优化设计方法，设计一种圆盘式消声器。该消声器纵向尺寸小，充分利用其横向空间，结构较简单、紧凑，样式新颖，动态特性好     

大气腐蚀数据降维最优维度研究

目的确定金属大气腐蚀数据降维的最优维度。方法分别采用PCA、MDS、Isomap和LLE四种方法对大气腐蚀数据进行降维处理,并采用集成学习算法建立预测模型。针对不同的降维方法和近邻点个数计算,使用MAPE(Mean Absolute Percentage Error,相对百分误差绝对值的平均值)对预测结果进行评价,将最佳预测速率所对应的维度作为最优维度。结果不同的降维方法和近邻参数作用下,最优维度从2维到7维不等。流形学习方法对大气腐蚀数据进行降维的MAPE均小于线性降维方法。结论适合每种降维方法的最优维度可能是不同的,通过对MAPE进行对比,得到大气腐蚀数据在各种降维方法的最优维度。     

飞机典型液压管路系统减振优化计算方法研究

目的研究管道走向和卡箍位置对管道应力的影响。方法以飞机典型液压管路系统为优化对象,对管路系统及支持结构进行动力学参数化建模,使用MATLAB和MSC.NASTRAN构筑基于遗传算法的自动减振优化计算平台,以管壁结构和飞机支持结构的动态应力响应最小为优化目标,对管路走向(包括拐折位置、曲率半径)、卡箍位置进行优化计算,从而建立一种飞机管路系统设计中的自动减振优化计算方法。结果使用建立的减振优化计算平台优化计算设计后,飞机典型液压管路系统最大动态应力值降低了50%。结论提供的优化方法能够有效地通过优化管道布置参数降低应力水平。     

油气管道盗孔补板修复结构强度分析

运用非线性有限元计算方法,对管道补板结构在内压载荷作用下的应力状态进行分析,研究管道补板修复结构的承压薄弱点与最优修复尺寸。研究结果表明,补板结构导致管道开孔附近区域内应力分布不均匀,出现局部应力集中现象;补板结构的危险区为补板与管体交界处45°~90°局部范围;与管道壁厚相近的补板壁厚和3倍孔径的补板长度具有更佳的修复效果。