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阆中市思依镇水化学特征及其成因分析 总被引:20,自引:9,他引:11
阆中市思依镇地区的水体主离子特征受该地区地质条件、地形地貌以及水文气象条件等因素影响,分析该地区的水化学离子特征对掌握地下水类型、成因以及水质情况具有重要作用.运用统计学、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、相关性分析、主离子比例关系和平衡分析等方法对阆中市思依镇河水和地下水水样中的主离子测试结果进行分析,表明河水和地下水水体阳离子中Ca2+和Mg2+占主要优势,阴离子中HCO-3占主要优势,水化学类型主要有HCO3-Ca型、HCO3+SO4-Ca型和HCO3-Ca+Mg型.水体离子主要受岩石风化作用过程中溶滤作用影响,并以方解石和白云石的溶解为主. 相似文献
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Urban soils are complex systems due to human activities that disturb the natural development of the soil horizons and add hazardous elements. Remediation projects are common in urban areas and guideline values are set to represent a desired level of elements. However, the natural content of trace elements may not always equal the desired levels. In this study, an attempt is made to distinguish between metals that are present in the soil due to natural origins and to anthropogenic origins. Seventy-five soil samples of the 0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm layers were collected from 25 sites in urban areas of Uppsala City and analysed for aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), tungsten (W) and zinc (Zn) using aqua regia for digestion. In order to highlight elements of geological origin, the results were compared to a similar study carried out in Gothenburg City, which has about three times as many inhabitants as Uppsala and has a more industrial history. A cluster analysis was also performed to distinguish between elements of natural and anthropogenic origin. Contents of As, Al, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn and W in Uppsala were concluded to be of mainly geological origin, while contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg seemed to have been impacted upon by mainly urban activities. 相似文献
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Alejandra V. González Valeria Gómez-Silva María José Ramírez Francisco E. Fontúrbel 《Conservation biology》2020,34(3):711-720
Genetic diversity is a key factor for population survival and evolution. However, anthropogenic habitat disturbance can erode it, making populations more prone to extinction. Aiming to assess the global effects of habitat disturbance on plant genetic variation, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 92 case studies obtained from published literature. We compared the effects of habitat fragmentation and degradation on plant allelic richness and gene diversity (equivalent to expected heterozygosity) and tested whether such changes are sensitive to different life-forms, life spans, mating systems, and commonness. Anthropogenic disturbance had a negative effect on allelic richness, but not on gene diversity. Habitat fragmentation had a negative effect on genetic variation, whereas habitat degradation had no effect. When we examined the individual effects in fragmented habitats, allelic richness and gene diversity decreased, but this decrease was strongly dependent on certain plant traits. Specifically, common long-lived trees and self-incompatible species were more susceptible to allelic richness loss. Conversely, gene diversity decreased in common short-lived species (herbs) with self-compatible reproduction. In a wider geographical context, tropical plant communities were more sensitive to allelic richness loss, whereas temperate plant communities were more sensitive to gene diversity loss. Our synthesis showed complex responses to habitat disturbance among plant species. In many cases, the absence of effects could be the result of the time elapsed since the disturbance event or reproductive systems favoring self-pollination, but attention must be paid to those plant species that are more susceptible to losing genetic diversity, and appropriate conservation should be actions taken. 相似文献
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湘潭市酸雨污染状况、化学组成及其防治对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据2001—2005年湘潭市城区降水环境质量监测数据,对湘潭城区酸性降水的变化特征、离子化学组成、变化趋势和酸雨成因进行了分析。“十五期间”湘潭市区酸雨频率在50%以上,pH值平均范围在4.56—4.91,属重酸雨区;SO4^2-/NO3^-比值为4.93~6.13,属典型硫酸型;湘潭城区酸雨有明显的季节变化规律,春季和冬季酸雨出现的频率最多,秋季最少;酸雨分布没有明显的地区差异。依据相关系数法检验,湘潭市的酸雨从总体上看污染趋势无显著性变化,呈现相对稳定状态。 相似文献
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沁河冲洪积扇地下水水化学特征及成因分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
为研究河南省济源市沁河冲洪积扇地下水水化学特征及其成因,2016年10月采集水样共计60组,其中地下水水样51组,地表水水样9组.运用数理统计、舒卡列夫分类、Piper三线图、Schoeller图、Gibbs图和离子比值等方法,分析了研究区内地下水和地表水水化学类型分布特征,讨论了地下水和表水水化学演化过程的主要控制因素.结果表明:(1)研究区地表水和地下水中主要阴阳离子为Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-,地表水和地下水的补给来源密切相关;(2)地下水水化学类型以HCO_3-Ca型、HCO_3-Ca·Mg型和HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg型为主;地表水水化学类型以HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg型为主;(3)地下水和地表水主要离子的形成主要受碳酸盐矿物风化溶解作用、离子交换作用和蒸发作用共同影响,硫酸、碳酸参与了碳酸盐矿物的风化溶解过程. 相似文献
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依据云龙水库库区和入库河道水质现状监测结果,对造成云龙水库污染的总磷、总氮的变化情况和污染来源构成进行了初步分析,并提出预防控制污染的对策措施。 相似文献
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