INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WHO SHOULD LEAD,WHO SHOULD PAY?1

ABSTRACT: Improving water management to meet future global needs will certainly require technical advances, but the main challenge is to integrate the viewpoints of diverse societal interests into decisions about allocation of water resources. The integration cannot be done solely by the market because it requires a balancing among interests which do not respond well to market forces, nor by the state alone because of institutional problems. The concept of “integrated water resources management” has been developed to provide the framework for the required balancing of interests, and, like similar concepts in industries other than water, it has a dual purpose - to link stakeholders and apply best practices to management actions. To clarify the process of integrated water management, the paper focuses on two questions: who should lead integrated water resources management and who should pay for it? Several examples are given to illustrate a range of situations. The paper concludes with a call to improve paradigms of integrated water management, a proposition that water organizations should accept and budget for their external responsibilities as well as their direct missions, affirmation of the need for state and federal agencies to be involved with local interests, a call for better scientific and public information, and identification of the need for continued work to improve the process of integrated water management.     

基于资源环境统筹下的“多规合一”试点建设—以河南省获嘉县为例

"多规合一"是一项从国家顶层设计推进的市县规划体制改革,河南省获嘉县作为全国28个"多规合一"试点城市之一,是欠发达平原农业区小城市的典型代表。本文深入分析了获嘉县多规并存的冲突与差异、资源环境与城市发展不协调的现实,同时在考虑生态环境空间约束与资源承载的前提下,突出生态环境的基本制约与保障作用,提出从底线控制、规模约束、环境保障三方面体现市县多规融合,从规划体系、标准数据、空间布局、信息平台、管理机制五个方面实现多规融合,并给出了多规融合调整策略。     

房地产市场促进城镇化建设的作用机理与协调发展研究

新型城镇化建设是中共十八大提出的重要发展目标,其建设水平直接关乎我国经济发展方式转变路径,房地产市场作为国民经济运行的重要组成部分,其市场化程度对于城镇化建设至关重要,因此,如何实现房地产市场与城镇化建设的同步和协调发展是当前中国经济社会发展亟需解决的现实问题。本文基于理论模型和经验分析,从系统分析入手,通过综合指标建立"房地产市场—城镇化建设水平"系统(系统Ⅰ:房地产市场;系统Ⅱ:城镇化建设水平),运用熵值法进行评价指标权值的求取,进而运用耦合协调度模型,重点分析不同等级城市两个系统的运行成效、耦合阶段和协调趋势,以期强化政策制定的针对性和现实性。研究表明:1房地产销售价格、预期与信贷和人口流动是房地产市场作用于城镇化建设的主要渠道;2系统Ⅰ—房地产市场,序参量的空间规律表现为:三线城市二线城市一线城市;系统Ⅱ—城镇化建设水平,序参量的空间规律表现为:一线城市二线城市三线城市;3我国现阶段房地产市场和城镇化建设水平的耦合度还处于较低水平,且地区差异较大,耦合程度从大到小依次表现为:二线城市三线城市一线城市;从协调度来看,整体表现为中度协调,但应注意北京市已表现为低度协调状态。最后本文提出了相应的政策建议:首先要限制一线城市"以速度为纲"的城镇化发展思路;二是依靠房价、信贷和户籍等政策约束引导新型城镇化建设,有效控制一线城市的体量;三是放宽中小城市和城镇户籍限制,鼓励符合条件的农业转移人口逐步在城镇落户,注重提升三线城市的城镇化发展质量。     

安徽省经济发展与生态环境耦合协调评价与趋势预测

本文遵循客观、科学、综合原则,运用熵值赋权法,对经济与生态环境系统进行了评价;采用动态耦合模型及剪刀差分析方法对经济发展与生态环境系统耦合协调状况进行了考察;借助Excel 2003软件,通过作散点图,比较拟合优度分析方法,对两者的协调前景进行了预测。结果表明:①经济发展与生态环境系统综合指数分别由2005年的0.2934、0.4198跃升至2015年的0.6236、0.4198,经济发展系统升幅明显高于生态环境系统。②2005—2015年,经济发展与生态环境系统动态耦合度均值为-6.95°,整体处于由低级协调向协调演进状态,而两者间演化速度夹角由2005年的18.56°扩展至2015年的82.4°。③若按既有惯性发展模式,2020年经济发展与生态环境系统耦合度将达155.74°,预期处于极限发展状态。基于研究结果,本文提出了相应的应对策略,可为新常态下安徽省制定经济与生态文明融动发展政策提供决策参考。     

城市生态保护红线与生态控制线协调性研究

生态保护红线与生态控制线是生态空间保护的两条主线,两线既有差别又紧密联系。生态保护红线是维护区域和城市生态安全的格局和数量底线,生态控制线是控制城市开发边界和保障生态安全划定的生态用地控制线。地市是两线划定的适宜尺度,本文在总结高、中、低不同开发强度城市两线探索实践的基础上,从两线联系与差异角度进行协调必要性分析。两线在概念内涵、法律地位、划定内容、技术方法、管控要求上的差异既是衔接的重点又是衔接的难点。然后,从空间、内容与管控等角度提出两线协调的思路,空间协调解决工作底图不统一、话语权不对等问题,内容协调解决生态用地保护目标不一致问题,管控协调解决部门管理准入条件不一致问题。最后,从工作机制角度,提出促进两线衔接的若干建议以及未来两线重点完善的内容和主要方向,为地市开展相关工作提供参考。     

Triple-objective optimal sizing based on dynamic strategy for an islanded hybrid energy microgrid

A triple-objective optimal sizing method based on a dynamic strategy is presented for an islanded hybrid energy microgrid, consisting of wind turbine, solar photovoltaic, battery energy storage system and diesel generator. The dynamic strategy is given based on a dynamic complementary coordination between two different master-slave control modes for maximum renewable energy utilization. Combined with the proposed strategy, NSGA-II-based optimization program is applied to the sizing optimization problem with triple different objectives including the minimization of annualized system cost, the minimization of loss of power supply probability and the maximization of utilization ratio of renewable energy generation. The sizing results and the proposed strategy are both compared and analyzed to validate the proposed method in a real case of an islanded hybrid energy microgrid on Dong’ao Island, China.     

Cross-Boundary Coordination on Forested Landscapes: Investigating Alternatives for Implementation

Cross-boundary coordination is a tool for ecosystem management whereby landowners voluntarily coordinate management practices toward economic and/or ecological landscape-scale outcomes (e.g., fiber, invasive species control, habitat). Past research indicates that it may be particularly applicable on landscapes that include small forest landholdings. To explore alternatives by which coordination might occur, we conducted seven focus groups with landowners (n = 51) who actively manage their forests in southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa. Focus group participants were presented with three hypothetical alternatives to coordinate with their neighbors; landowners could self-organize, work with a natural resource professional (i.e., forester), or work with an organization to complete a cross-boundary practice. In this article, we focus on the latter two alternatives and the role of two social theories—principal-agent and cooperation—in explaining landowners’ evaluations of these alternatives. Key findings are that (1) cross-boundary coordination has the potential to alleviate problems between landowners and resource professionals inherent to their typical working relationship, and (2) social relationships are a major factor contributing to landowners’ willingness to participate. We posit that cross-boundary coordination offers a non-economic incentive for landowners to work together as it may reduce the uncertainty associated with hiring a resource professional. At the same time, professionals can provide a bridging function among landowners who are unacquainted. To achieve these outcomes and expand the adoption of cross-boundary coordination, we suggest four guidelines. First, foster dialogue among landowners toward shared cognition and oversight. Second, match landowners’ practices and objectives such that there are clear benefits to all. Third, develop relationships through low risk activities where possible. Fourth, do not expect on-going commitments.

良性发展论:可持续发展超越与丰富探析之二——良性发展目标的辨析及图解

本文在“良性发展论 :可持续发展超越与丰富”一文基础上 ,对良性发展的五大战略目标的指代及相互关系进行了讨论 ,并对其一一作了图解分析。     

冲突分析在环境领域中的应用

冲突分析是用来分析冲突局势、预测冲突发展、研究、设计冲突处理方案的一门科学。本文根据国内外研究资料，分析了冲突分析在环境领域中的应用，其中对公共设施选址、污染集中治理投资的分摊、允许排污量在各排污口问的公平分配、水资源集中管理、协调度模型处理环境与经济的冲突、跨行政区河流边界水质标准的确定、资源的开发与保护等进行了重点评述，并指出了冲突分析理论中存在的问题、解决的办法和发展方向。     

采用模糊数学法对城市生活垃圾处理方法进行综合评价

采用模糊数学法的理论和方法对城市生活垃圾处理方法进行综合评价。