华北地区汽车拥有量与CO2排放量关系研究

研究了华北地区5省（市、自治区）汽车拥有量和人均CO2排放量现状.采用变异系数分析方法对汽车拥有量和入均CO2排放量各地区差异大小变化趋势进行了分析,采用一元线性回归模型对华北地区未来10年汽车拥有量和人均CO2排放趋势及其地区差异大小变化趋势进行了预测,提出了相关建议,以期为该地区乃至全国经济和环境的和谐发展提供参考.     

小产权房问题研究

对当前我国存在的小产权房所涉及的法律问题进行了研究分析,从小产权的概念、产生的原因入手,主要论述了小产权房产生的现实原因及深层次的制度原因。小产权房产生的现实原因主要有：高房价的促使、政府监管的不到位、保障性住房的缺位。深层次的制度原因主要是我国农村集体土地使用权流转机制的缺失。因此,政府应通过调控抑制高房价,加强政府部门的监管力度,完善我国的保障性住房建设,以及在制度层面上对我国农村集体建设用地使用权流转制度进行变革。     

A case for urban liveability from below: exploring the politics of water and land access for greater liveability in Kampala,Uganda

ABSTRACT

Improving urban liveability and prosperity is commonly set as a priority in urban development plans and policy around the world. Several annual reports produced by international consulting firms, media, and global agencies rank the liveability of cities based on a set of indicators, to represent the quality of life in these cities. The higher is the ranking, the more liveable is the city. In this paper, we argue that such quantitative approaches to framing and addressing urban liveability challenges leave little room to reflect on people's experiences of this liveability, which cannot be expressed through numbers. To illustrate our argument, we draw on empirical evidence of urban liveability challenges in access to water and land in Kampala, the capital city of Uganda, ranked recently as the most liveable East African city by various global agencies and media outlets. By showing that increasing the number of water connections does not guarantee improved access to water and sanitation in the long run, first, we demonstrate how urban liveability challenges are tightly linked with land-title issues in the city. Second, we highlight the political game-playing between the central government, the opposition, the traditional leadership, and the slum dwellers in governance processes of service delivery. Finally, by arguing that urban liveability can be enhanced by broadening political participation in city development planning, we discuss some of the strategies that can be used by communities to make collective claims towards improving their quality of life and the environment.     

中国清洁发展机制法律制度探讨

根据《京都议定书》关于清洁发展机制（Clean Development Mechanism,CDM）的目标、设立条件、步骤和监管制度的规定,指出了中国在实施清洁发展机制中所获得的环境、社会和经济方面的巨大利益,同时,也分析了目前中国实施清洁发展机制在项目发展规模、潜在项目识别、额外行证明、CER法律权属界定、项目签发等方面存在的问题。文章结合国际社会清洁发展制度的趋势走向,预测在今后相当长的时期内清洁发展机制仍将作为全球温室气体减排的有效制度而存在,并将对CDM宗旨重新定位和完善CDM项目具体实施制度。还根据国际形势变化,对2012年后中国清洁发展机制的法律制度建设提出了具体的建议：应尽快出台一部能源基本法,使得包括清洁能源机制在内的应对气候变化的措施能够有法可依。立法中应重点确立能源可持续发展原则,具体规定CDM项目适格标准、改变传统一元所有权模式,明确CER法律权属和所有权、完善CDM项目监管制度,以限制CDM项目单纯追求经济效益的危险性、加强CDM服务行业规范,提高CER签发率。     

Public Attitudes Towards Policy Instruments for Congestion Mitigation in Shanghai

Abstract

Congestion causes many externalities for the society, including time delays, excessive fuel consumption, air pollution, noise and safety concerns. In Shanghai, various policy options have been explored, piloted or applied; however, not all of them may be understood and accepted by the public. A survey was conducted to investigate people’s attitudes towards several policy options. The main findings reveal that Shanghai residents are resistant to certain policies, such as congestion charges, higher parking charges in congested areas and car restrictions. Instead, they favor public transport provisions. The paper suggests that there is a case for promoting public transport and more efficient trips when the car ownership is still low, and for investing in a policy of educating the public on the ‘true’ costs and causes of congestion before embarking on an intensive policy of congestion charges or restrictions.     

水资源所有权问题研究

我国水资源短缺和水污染问题严重,最根本的原因是水资源产权制度尤其是水资源所有权制度不合理。从水资源配置的效率与公平角度,依据产权经济学理论,对水资源所有权及其分配问题进行了探讨：对水资源所有者产权与他物权,江河湖泊等水体所有权和水体所蕴含水资源所有权进行了区分;以水资源是社会成员生存与发展的自然物质基础、水资源的竞用性和水资源自然供给的区域性为依据,探讨了江河、湖泊等水体水资源所有权的权属界定,水资源所有权在社会成员间的合理分配,国家与水资源所有权的关系和国家拥有的水资源所有权的性质;最后提出了既能保障社会成员生存与发展权利,又能实现资源配置效率与公平的以社会成员所有为主的水资源所有制。