臭氧氧化降解苊的中间产物分析

苊属于EPA优先污染物名单上的物质,其在染料、化工等行业有着广泛的应用.它具有水溶性低、易蓄积、难生物降解的特点.臭氧氧化法可以对其有效的降解,但是过量的臭氧也难以实现对苊的矿化,在苊浓度下降的同时将生成中间产物.中间产物包括多种含一个苯环的酯和直链的酸、醇、酯等.     

Factors influencing Aerosol Characteristics over Urban Environment

Atmospheric aerosols are an important contributing factor to turbidity in urban areas besides having impact on health. Aerosol characteristics show a high degree of variability in space and time as anthropogenic share of total aerosol loading is quite substantial and is essential to monitor the aerosol features over long time scales. In the present study extensive observations of columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD), total columnar ozone (TCO) and precipitable water content (PWC) have been carried over a tropical urban city of Hyderabad, India. Significant variations of AOD have been observed during course of the day with low values of AOD during morning and evening hours and high values during afternoon hours. Spectral variation of AOD exhibits high AOD at smaller wavelengths and vice versa except a slight enhancement in AOD at 500 nm. Anomalies in AOD, particulate matter and black carbon concentrations have been observed during May, 2003. Back trajectory analysis of air mass during these episodes suggested variation in air mass trajectories. Analysis of the results suggests that air trajectories from land region north of study area cause high loading of atmospheric aerosols. The results are discussed in the paper.     

Measurements of Ozone Concentrations in Zagreb

Ozone concentrations were measured in Zagreb at four sites from May 1999 to April 2001 in order to categorize the air quality with respect to ozone. In the summer of 2000, the ozone measurements were also extended to four sites in the suburbs of Zagreb. Methods of active and passive sampling with nitrite ion as a reagent were used. In the northern part of the town ozone was analyzed by an automatic device. Automatic device measurements in the years 1999 and 2000 showed that hourly averages of ozone concentrations did not exceed the Croatian recommended value of the 98th percentile (180 g m^–3). Over the two-year period, 24-h averages occasionally exceed 110 g m^–3 in city center and in the northern part of the town. Regardless of these isolated examples, ozone was well within acceptable concentrations. Ozone concentrations measured in summer 2000 were higher in the suburbs of Zagreb than in the city. The 98th percentile values higher than 110 g m^–3 were recorded at three sites.     

废水中甲苯的臭氧氧化动力学的研究

采用臭氧氧化降解含甲苯的废水,实验研究了在温度为298K时,不同pH值、反应物的初始浓度对甲苯降解反应过程及其动力学的影响,初步探讨了甲苯液相臭氧氧化降解过程机理。      

Protection of palak (Beta vulgaris L. var Allgreen) plants from ozone injury by ethylenediurea (EDU): Roles of biochemical and physiological variations in alleviating the adverse impacts

Ameliorative effects of ethylenediurea (N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolinidyl) ethyl]-N′ phenylurea, abbreviated as EDU) against ozone stress were studied on selected growth, biochemical, physiological and yield characteristics of palak (Beta vulgaris L. var Allgreen) plants grown in field at a suburban site of Varanasi, India. Mean eight hourly ozone concentration varied from 52 to 73 ppb which was found to produce adverse impacts on plant functioning and growth characteristics. The palak plants were treated with 300 ppm EDU at 10 days after germination at 10 days interval up to the plant maturity. Lipid peroxidation in EDU treated plants declined significantly as compared to non-EDU treated ones. Significant increment in F_v/F_m ratio in EDU treated plants as compared to non-EDU treated ones was recorded. EDU treated plants showed significant increment in ascorbic acid contents and reduction in peroxidase activity as compared to non-EDU treated ones. As a result of the protection provided by EDU against ozone induced stress on biochemical and physiological characteristics of palak, the morphological parameters also responded positively. Significant increments were recorded in shoot length, number of leaves plant⁻¹, leaf area and root and shoot biomass of EDU treated plants as compared to non-EDU treated ones. Contents of Na, K, Ca, Mg and Fe were higher in EDU treated plants as compared to non-EDU treated ones. The present investigation proves the usefulness of EDU in partially ameliorating ozone injury in ambient conditions.     

Assessment of present and future risk to Italian forests and human health: Modelling and mapping

A review of ozone pollution in Italy shows levels largely above the thresholds established by EU regulation for vegetation and human health protection. The Italian air quality monitoring network appears quantitatively inadequate to cover all the territorial surface, because of scarcity and unequal distribution of monitoring sites. By applying the integrated assessment model RAINS-Italy to the year 2000, the whole of Italy exceeds the AOT40 critical level for forest, while Northern and central areas show strong potential of O₃ impact on human health with ∼11% of territory >10 O₃-induced premature deaths. Two scenarios for the year 2020, the Current Legislation and the Maximum Technical Feasible Reduction, show a reduction of AOT40Forest by 29% and 44%, SOMO35 by 31% and 47%, and O₃-induced premature deaths by 32% and 48%, compared to 2000. RAINS-Italy can be used to improve the map quality and cover areas not reached by the national monitoring network.     

2005~2016年中国大气边界层SO2的时空变化趋势

利用臭氧观测仪（OMI）卫星遥感反演的大气边界层（PBL）SO₂柱含量（PBL SO₂）数据分析了自2005年以来中国PBL SO₂柱含量数据的空间分布特征、变化趋势及其影响的原因.从长时间尺度上,PBL SO₂柱含量呈现明显的下降趋势.2005年中国区域年平均PBL SO₂柱含量为0.317DU,2016年为0.276DU,减少了0.041DU,大约为13.2%.SO₂柱含量呈现明显的周期变化特征.冬季浓度较高,夏季较低,最小值和最大值分别出现在7和12月,分别为0.246和0.404DU.小波分析显示SO₂的变化在10个月的尺度水平上存在明显的主振荡周期,在40个月的尺度水平上存在明显的次周期变化.中国区域SO₂污染严重的高值区主要出现在京津冀鲁环渤海地区、关中平原（山西省和陕西省）、河南省大部分地区、四川盆地、长江三角洲地区和珠江三角洲.最大的SO₂柱含量值可达1.1DU以上.京津冀鲁环渤海地区的高值区已经延伸到长江三角洲地区,有向南延伸和珠江三角洲连在一起的趋势.由于地形和天气特征的影响,四川盆地地区SO₂出现次高值区.在青藏高原和西北地区,SO₂浓度较低,呈现背景值特征,多年平均的SO₂约在0.05DU的水平.中国区域SO₂变化趋势在空间分布上存在明显的区域差异,变化的范围在-0.70~0.15DU之间.SO₂出现逐渐减少的地区主要是在高值区,如京津冀鲁环勃海地区、关中平原、四川盆地,长江中下游和珠江三角洲.减幅最大的是四川盆地和珠江三角洲,大约减少了61%.四川盆地2005~2016年约减少了0.55DU;珠江三角洲约减少了0.45DU.出现增长的地区主要是西部和北部地区,以及东南沿海除珠三角外的大部分区域,最大增长大约为0.15DU.     

合肥市典型交通干道大气苯系物的特征分析

为研究合肥市交通干道大气苯系物污染状况,采用自主研制的差分吸收光谱(DOAS)系统,于2016年3月期间对合肥市交通主干道大气苯系物(苯、甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯)以及常规污染物NO_2、SO_2等进行了连续观测.观测结果显示,观测期间苯、甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯的平均浓度分别为:21.7、63.6、33.9和98.7μg·m~(-3).与国内外其它城市比较显示,合肥市交通干道大气苯和甲苯的污染处于中等水平,二甲苯的污染较为严重.结合观测期的间风速风向、T/B特征比值以及与CO等污染物的相关性,对上述苯系物来源进行了分析,结果显示观测期间T/B值为0.8~4.5,苯、甲苯与CO的相关性系数R分别为0.55和0.34.表明机动车尾气排放是观测区域苯和甲苯的主要排放源之一,同时也受到周边工业园区排放的影响,二甲苯的主要排放源为观测地点北偏东方向的涂料行业工业园区.苯和甲苯的夜间高浓度峰值分析结果表明,夜间的高浓度苯和甲苯可能主要来源于观测地点周边工业园区的排放.观测区域苯系物的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)表现为邻二甲苯间二甲苯甲苯苯,其中二甲苯的OFP占总OFP的85%,表明周边工业园区的排放对该地区臭氧生成的贡献较大.     

沈阳工业区夏季VOCs组成特征及其对二次污染形成的贡献

利用2019年和2020年夏季沈阳市工业区大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)的观测数据,研究沈阳市夏季工业区大气VOCs的组成特征并初步判断其来源,并利用最大增量反应活性(MIR)和气溶胶生成系数(FAC)法分别估算该地大气VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)及二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(AFP).结果表明,观测期间沈阳市工业区ρ(总VOCs)平均值为41.66μg·m^-3,烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃和乙炔分别占总VOCs浓度的48.50%、 14.08%、 15.37%和22.05%.浓度排名前10的物种累计占总VOCs浓度的69.25%,其中大部分为C2～C5的烷烃,还包括乙炔、乙烯和部分芳香烃.总VOCs整体上呈现出早晚浓度高、中午浓度低的日变化特征,峰值分别出现在06:00和22:00,11:00～16:00处于较低水平.由甲苯/苯(T/B)和异戊烷/正戊烷的比值判断工业区主要受机动车尾气排放、溶剂使用、燃烧源和LPG/NG的影响.工业区大气VOCs的总AFP为41.43×10^-2μg·m^-3,其中芳香烃的贡献最大;总OFP贡献值为1...     

基于无人机的大气细颗粒物与臭氧污染探测与溯源研究进展

近年来,中国大气细颗粒物(PM_2.5)污染的治理已取得阶段性成效,但臭氧(O₃)污染快速上升,实现PM_2.5和O₃协同控制的基础与关键是针对大气污染物的精细化探测和污染溯源.随着无人机技术和传感器技术的迅速发展,基于无人机平台的大气污染探测可以有效获得近地层的PM_2.5和O₃结构特征,并结合计算机算法对大气污染事件进行精准溯源,具有高时效性、高灵活性和高时空分辨率的特征,有助于研究人员了解区域污染物的分布、变化以及来源,为大气复合污染的协同控制提供科学依据.通过回顾传统的大气污染探测方法,总结了污染探测领域常用的无人机飞行平台类型和探测仪器,归纳了基于无人机的PM_2.5和O₃污染探测应用与相关溯源算法,并展望了无人机大气探测的未来研究方向.