Management of urban solid waste: Vermicomposting a sustainable option

Solid waste management is a worldwide problem and it is becoming more and more complicated day by day due to rise in population, industrialization as well as changes in our life style. Presently most of the waste generated is either disposed of in an open dump in developing countries or in landfills in the developed ones. Landfilling as well as open dumping requires lot of land mass and could also result in several environmental problems. Land application of urban/municipal solid waste (MSW) can be carried out as it is rich in organic matter and contains significant amount of recyclable plant nutrients. The presence of heavy metals and different toxics substances restricts its land use without processing. Vermicomposting of MSW, prior to land application may be a sustainable waste management option, as the vermicast obtained at the end of vermicomposting process is rich in plant nutrients and is devoid of pathogenic organism. Utilization of vermicast produced from urban/municipal solid waste in agriculture will facilitate in growth of countries economy by lowering the consumption of inorganic fertilizer and avoiding land degradation problem. Vermicomposting of urban/MSW can be an excellent practice, as it will be helpful in recycling valuable plant nutrients. This review deals with various aspects of vermicomposting of MSW.     

我国电子废弃物处理产业现状与前景探讨

电子废弃物处理产业是伴随我国近年来社会经济快速发展而产生的一个新兴产业。本文分析了电子废弃物的经济价值、处理技术和产业政策,并对我国电子废弃物处理产业的现状与前景进行了探讨。     

滤筒法测定水中悬浮物的实践

采用重量法用滤筒替代滤膜进行测定水中悬浮物的比对实验,实验结果表明:滤筒测定水中悬浮物比滤膜测定水中悬浮物更具有易恒重、测定误差小、准确度高、快速、简便、成本低等优点,适合水质监测应用。     

南北差异视角下个体食物浪费行为——基于大学生高校食堂就餐情境的分析

饮食习惯一直被认为是造成食物浪费的重要因素。基于对29省29所高校9192份大学生食堂就餐的实地调查问卷,从南北差异视角探讨了个体食物浪费行为的差异特征。研究表明：相对北方籍大学生,南方籍大学生浪费食物的概率更高,南方籍大学生在高校食堂就餐时食物浪费量和浪费率也高于北方籍大学生。通过中介效应模型,证实南北方主流饮食模式是引发浪费差异的关键所在。进一步匹配大学生南北方籍贯和所就读高校的南北区位,并以“南方大学生在南方高校求学”模式为基准,发现“南方大学生到北方高校求学”模式下,个体有更低的食物浪费概率、浪费量和浪费率。但“北方大学生到南方高校求学”模式下,个体没有显示出较低的食物浪费概率、食物浪费量和食物浪费率,从而稳健地证实南北方主流饮食模式是引发浪费差异的关键所在这一结论。     

食物转化视角下我国家庭食物浪费程度与影响因素——基于CHNS数据的实证分析

长期以来,我国食物供应充足稳定,但是人口、环境等因素不断对此提出挑战,并且我国每年的食物损失和浪费数量十分惊人。从食物转化视角将食物浪费率定义为家庭食物消费中未能正常转化为家庭成员身体质量指数的比例,采用随机前沿模型并基于CHNS数据估算我国家庭食物浪费率,并探讨家庭异质性特征的影响。结果显示：家庭平均浪费率为11.28%;家庭规模越小、孩子或老年人的数量越多、收入水平越高、南方地区、户主的受教育程度越低、主要女性成员的受教育程度越高或者有工作、对膳食知识掌握程度越低的家庭浪费率越高。因此,要鼓励生产小包装食物和小型厨具,指导家庭根据实际需求购买食物,加强推广食育运动,开展节粮活动并教授减损措施。     

不同预处理方法促进剩余污泥发酵制氢研究进展

综述了剩余污泥发酵制氢的底物预处理方法,主要包括物理法（热水解法、微波法、超声波法、冻融法）;化学法（酸碱预处理、臭氧氧化法）;生物法（生物强化技术、生物酶法）,分析比较了不同预处理方法的剩余污泥发酵制氢体系的氢气含量及产率,污泥处理后溶解性化学需氧量、挥发性脂肪酸含量的变化和工程应用的优缺点,并指出目前研究存在的一些不足和对未来应用前景的展望,以期为剩余污泥发酵制氢预处理方法的研究与应用提供依据.     

利用回转窑焚烧废物简述

本文介绍了回转窑的类型、结构和及其工艺特点,并对国内外利用回转窑焚烧危险废物的实验情况进行了综述,为我国废物焚烧领域的工作者提供借鉴。     

Valorization of agro-industrial fruit peel waste to fluorescent nanocarbon sensor: Ultrasensitive detection of potentially hazardous tropane alkaloid

• Transformation of agro-industrial waste to value-added material via green chemistry. • Orange peel is valorized into fluorescent nanodiamond-like carbon (fNDC) sensor. • fNDC detects potentially hazardous drug atropine sulfate (AS). • fNDC recognizes AS in biological fluids and pharmaceuticals. • fNDC assures applications in clinical and forensic toxicology. Millions of tonnes of agro-industrial waste are generated each year globally, with the vast majority of it going untreated, underutilized, and disposed of by burning or landfilling, causing severe environmental distress and economic downturn. A practical solution to this global issue is to use green chemistry to convert this waste into value-added products. Accordingly, in the present study, agro-industrial orange peel waste was valorized into fluorescent nanodiamond-like carbon sensor via a green route involving hydrothermal treatment of microwave carbonized orange peel waste. The developed sensor, used for the fluorescence detection of potentially hazardous drug atropine sulfate, exhibits unique dual linearity over concentration ranges of 300 nM to 1 M and from 1 M to 10 M, as well as ultra-low sensitivity of 34.42 nM and 356.46 nM, respectively. Additionally, the sensor demonstrates excellent reproducibility, high stability, and satisfactory recovery when used to identify and quantify atropine sulfate in biological samples and commercially available pharmaceuticals, indicating promising multidisciplinary applications.     

Developing “precise-acting” strategies for improving anaerobic methanogenesis of organic waste: Insights from the electron transfer system of syntrophic partners

Methanogenesis is the last step in anaerobic digestion, which is usually a rate-limiting step in the biological treatment of organic waste. The low methanogenesis efficiency (low methane production rate, low methane yield, low methane content) substantially limits the development of anaerobic digestion technology. Traditional pretreatment methods and bio-stimulation strategies have impacts on the entire anaerobic system and cannot directly enhance methanogenesis in a targeted manner, which was defined as “broad-acting” strategies in this perspective. Further, we discussed our opinion of methanogenesis process with insights from the electron transfer system of syntrophic partners and provided potential targeted enhancing strategy for high-efficiency electron transfer system. These “precise-acting” strategies are expected to achieve an efficient methanogenesis process and enhance the bio-energy recovery of organic waste.     

一种新型废旧轮胎组合拦石结构的试验研究

提出了一种由废旧轮胎组成的拦石结构,该结构用钢丝绳将废旧轮胎进行合理的绑扎,使轮胎与轮胎之间紧密连接,然后将该结构绑扎在用废旧钢轨或钢筋混凝土制作而成的柱子上面.当拦石结构受到落石冲击时,利用废旧轮胎的弹塑性变形吸收冲击能量.为了考察这种由废旧轮胎组成的拦石结构的防护效果,设计了试验模型,采用20 kg的砝码模拟落石,...