应用陆地卫星TM图象编制闽北土壤图(1:10万)的方法研究

以TM原图象合成的标准假彩色和似自然色图象作目视解译为主,根据土壤及其相关地物的野外光谱测定数据,分析其影象色调特征;用TM 7个波段原始黑白图象作对比解译,以预测不同地物的彩色合或效果并选择最佳合成方案;用TM6热红外图象作假彩色等密度分割处理,以提取随海而异的地面温度场和土壤类型垂直分带信息;用TM比值图象及其假彩色合成处理,以逐步增强并提取土壤信息;最后参照同比例尺地质图和地形图等相关资料,完成土壤图的编制。     

两级沸石曝气生物滤池工艺特性研究

采用新的水处理工艺-两级沸石曝气生物滤池(TZBAF)处理生活污水,主要通过实验研究了ZBAF的技术特点.结果表明:CODcr平均进水浓度为245mg/L时,除碳段去除率为84.4%;NH3-N进水为42.9mg/L时,平均去除率达88%,满足中水回用标准.本工艺对冲击负荷有较强的适应性,C0D容积负荷小于10 kg/m3·d、氨氮小于1.5kg/m3·d时,浓度变化对去除率影响不大.主要问题是内部空隙率较低,曝气反冲洗较为困难,如何改善水力条件还有待进一步研究.     

基于Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹破坏模式的条带矿柱破坏宽度研究

采用条带法进行地下开采时,条带矿柱的裂纹扩展导致了矿柱的最终破坏,且裂纹多表现为Ⅰ型裂纹与Ⅱ型裂纹复合扩展破坏特征。根据采场矿柱受力条件,确定条带矿柱受两侧采场空区影响时矿柱内Ⅰ-П复合型裂纹尖端的Westergaard应力函数,采用HoekBrown强度准则计算采场作业面围岩破坏区的边界条件,建立了矿柱破坏宽度计算模型。以上横山页岩矿床为研究对象,采用物理相似模拟试验,模拟条带法回采某盘区3个试验区段,利用DIP法分析受地应力及回采扰动作用下矿柱的裂纹发育特征,验证模型的有效性。结果表明,条带及其条带矿柱均为15 m等设计参数条件下,计算模型矿柱破坏宽度理论值分别为17.66 m、15.56 m和10.28 m,试验模拟结果分别为完全大于15 m、约为15 m和10.5~11.0 m,试验结果与依据模型计算的理论值相近。     

木材加工废水处理工程实例分析

针对某木材加工企业生产废水高COD、高氨氮、高色度、含甲醛等特点,采用“芬顿氧化+A/O+沉淀+气浮”组合工艺对原废水处理厂进行扩容提标改造。该工程设计处理规模为600 t/d,总投资为340万元,直接运行成本为4.83元/t。运行效果表明:采用芬顿氧化预处理洗胶废水可有效降解甲醛等高毒性的有机物,增设载体的A/O工艺可提高COD去除效果与抗冲击负荷能力,组合工艺出水COD<400 mg/L,氨氮<20 mg/L,TN<40 mg/L,TP<2 mg/L,甲醛<2 mg/L。     

太湖有色可溶性有机物组成结构对不同水文情景的响应

有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)是溶解性有机物中能强烈吸收紫外辐射及蓝光的那部分有机物,并在碳、氮、磷等生源要素生物地球化学循环中起着重要的作用.开展富营养化湖泊CDOM来源、组成结构和空间变化趋势的相关研究,有利于更好地揭示湖泊生源要素循环机制,服务于蓝藻水华控制和湖泊水质改善.本文基于对不同水文情景下太湖和周边连通的51条河流CDOM光谱吸收及三维荧光光谱测定与分析,揭示太湖CDOM光谱组成对不同水文情景的响应机制.结果表明,丰水期溶解有机碳浓度均值(8. 11±1. 26) mg·L~(-1),显著大于枯水期均值(3. 53±1. 19) mg·L~(-1)(t-test,P 0. 01),而丰水期CDOM吸收光谱斜率S_(275～295)均值(19. 09±1. 81)μm~(-1),显著小于枯水期的(20. 89±1. 90)μm~(-1)(t-test,P 0. 001).平行因子分析法对CDOM荧光图谱进行解析得到3个组分,且各组分受到上游来水量的影响较大,丰水期陆源类腐殖酸的荧光强度及占总荧光强度比重较枯水期显著增大.叶绿素a与化学需氧量与陆源腐殖质和类色氨酸均呈显著正相关(P 0. 01),这表明陆源生活污水及藻死亡降解产生的CDOM可能是太湖CDOM库的重要潜在来源.溶解氧浓度与3种荧光组成均呈现显著负相关(P 0. 01),说明CDOM不同组分均为微生物活动的重要基质.本研究结果还发现溶解性有机碳浓度与陆源类腐殖酸组分荧光强度呈极显著线性正相关(r~2=0. 58,P 0. 001),表明太湖溶解性有机碳主要以外源输入为主.     

三维荧光与平行因子研究黑臭河流DOM

利用三维荧光光谱（EEMs）与平行因子（PARAFAC）模型相结合,分析了沈阳市5条典型黑臭水体溶解性有机物（DOM）的荧光组分特征,并结合常规水质指标,利用主成分分析法（PCA）对影响黑臭水体DOM的主要因素及其贡献量进行了研究.结果表明,沈阳市典型黑臭水体DOM主要由类蛋白荧光组分C1（235,360）,类富里酸荧光组分C2（220,430）和类腐殖酸荧光组分C3（255,520）组成.C2类富里酸物质与COD_Cr、氨氮、S^2-、TP有很强的正相关性,与DO和透明度成负相关,来自于陆源;C1类色氨酸和C3类腐殖酸表现出明显的正相关,具有同源性,来自于微生物內源.陆源有机质组分对黑臭水体DOM的贡献率高达61.2%,微生物内源组分对黑臭水体DOM的贡献率为25.5%.5个黑臭水体在水质上存在差异,支流Ⅰ和支流Ⅱ为重度黑臭,支流Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ为轻度黑臭.     

基于AVI技术的环境试验过程监控方法设计

对计算机视觉检测在国内外工业智能检测领域的研究应用现状进行了综述,同时创新地提出了一种基于图像识别技术的环境试验过程监控方法,并初步验证了其可行性。     

Estimation of Efficiency of Processing Soil Samples for Pesticide Residues Analysis

The efficiency of four sample processing methods was tested with eight different types of soils representing the major proportion of cultivated soils. The principle of sampling constant was applied for characterizing the efficiency of the procedures and testing the well-mixed status of the prepared soil. The test material was 14C-labeled atrazine that enabled keeping the random error of analyses ≤ about 1%. Adding water to the soil proved to be the most efficient and generally applicable procedure resulting in about 6% relative sample processing uncertainty for 20 g test portions. The expected error is inversely proportional to the mass of test portion. Smashing and manual mixing of soil resulted in about four times higher uncertainty than mixing with water. Grinding of soil is applicable for dry soils only, but the test procedure applied was not suitable for estimating a typical uncertainty of processing dry soil samples. Adding dry ice did not improve the efficiency of sample processing.     

系统电磁脉冲效应摸底试验初探

目的研究武器装备系统的电磁脉冲效应。方法采用系统理论计算和部件摸底试验相结合的方法,以某装备的信息处理模块为测试对象,开展电磁脉冲近场辐照和电流注入试验,通过改变场强、注入电流等试验条件,探讨电磁脉冲对该模块的电磁效应。结果得出了工作状态下该模块的电磁脉冲干扰效应试验数据,该模块在310 V/m的辐照场强或电缆耦合电流为4.3~6.4 A时会出现敏感状态,多次测试时百分之百敏感阈值略高。结论对部件开展近场辐照和电流注入的电磁脉冲摸底试验方法可行,为进一步研究系统装备电子部件的电子脉冲效应提供了借鉴。     

Analysis of a laser process for permanently degrading a photo-activated adhesive joint

A pulsed, laser process has been developed to reduce the permanent strength of photo-activated adhesive joints prior to work-piece de-bonding. The objective of this investigation was to gain insight into the relationships between carbon black content of the adhesive, laser delivery mode, heat transfer, and adhesive degradation. To do so, a variety of experiments were performed to characterize process sensitivity, radiation absorption within the adhesive joint, and thermal decomposition of the adhesive. In addition, heat transfer analysis was conducted to predict adhesive temperatures during the process.The results of this investigation indicate that the strength diminishment of an adhesive joint occurs after it has absorbed a train of high power pulses in rapid succession. The vast majority of strength diminishment occurs over a very narrow time window and is highly correlated to the rapid emission of gray smoke/vapor from the adhesive joint. For this to occur, the adhesive must contain carbon black. It is also highly correlated to a rapid increase in temperatures throughout the adhesive matrix. Laser pulse parameters that do not lead to this rapid increase, will not initiate adhesive degradation.The inclusion of carbon black into the adhesive promotes heat absorption and increased temperatures in the adhesive joint. These temperatures are large enough to enable adhesive decomposition. But the time span over which this happens is too small for significant damage to occur. It is currently hypothesized that high temperatures local to the carbon black particles may be the source of adhesive degradation.