天津钢管公司乳化液循环使用处理装置的研制

采用两级气浮 过滤 杀菌处理无缝钢管加工过程中的乳化液 ,去除油污、铁屑、泥渣、悬浮物、细菌 ,使之循环使用 ,保证钢管加工质量 ,节省乳化液费用     

腈纶废丝的化学处理及产物的应用(续一)

(接上期)2 2 2　合成絮凝剂刘宇、褚庆辉[9] 使腈纶废丝与双氰双胺(DCD)在N ,N -二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的溶液中充分混合,在碱性条件下,升温到1 0 0℃,剧烈搅拌,反应4h后用盐酸中和,水洗,于5 0℃恒温下干燥过夜,制得絮凝剂PAN -DCD ,产品为黄色粉末,产率为89 7%,特性粘数为1 0 65ml/g(二甲基亚砜溶液,2 0℃)。该絮凝剂既可用于分散性染料废水的处理,也可用于阳离子染料废水的处理。图4即为PAN -DCD与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)及I-DA有机高分子絮凝剂对分散性染料脱色率的对照实验的除色率曲线。图4　三种絮凝剂用量对分散性染料废水脱色效…     

Advanced post-processing and correlation analyses in high-velocity air–water flows

The interest in air–water flows has not diminished in recent years, but it is accompanied by frequent citations of early, sometimes outdated articles. A basic issue is the inadequate, incomplete interpretation of air–water flow instrumentation by hydraulic engineers and researchers. This article comments on high-velocity air–water flow measurements by means of intrusive phase detection probes. This article focus on the bubbly flow structure of high-velocity air–water flow based upon measurements by means of intrusive phase detection probes. It is shown that some advanced post-processing techniques may yield expanded information on the air–water turbulent flow properties and bubbly flow structures. The outcomes demonstrate simple techniques in high-velocity air–water flow analysis.     

农业产业走向市场的成功之路—镇江产加销一条龙,贸工农一体化经营的调查

镇江市不断深化农业经营机制改革，大力发展产加销一条龙，贸工农一体化经营，把一家一户农民家庭小生产同国内外大市场有机联系起来，提高了农民的组织程度和专业化生产水平，协调了一二三产业间经济利益，建立了新的经济关系的优质，高产，高效，高创汇的市场产农业及新型组织管理体系，加快了农业生产社会化，产业化，市场化，现代化进程，使农业产业走向市场迈出了可喜的一步。     

Large-scale production of poly(3-hydroxyvaleric acid) by fermentation ofChromobacterium violaceum,processing, and characterization of the homopolyester

A fed-batch process was developed, which allowed biotechnological production of the homopolyester poly(3-hydroxyvaleric acid) [poly(3HV)], in a mineral salts medium containing valeric acid as carbon source and complex nutrients as supplements byChromobacterium violaceum at a 10- and 300-L fermentation scale. This process yielded up to 40 g dry cell matter per L fermentation broth, and the cells contained up to 70% (w/w) poly(3HV). Poly(3HV), which was extracted from the cells with chloroform and was precipitated from this solvent with ethanol, was processed to test bars by injection molding or by press processing and to fibers by melt spinning. The unprocessed and processed poly(3HV) material was characterized with respect to the molecular weight and with respect to thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties. It was shown that it is possible to process biodegradable poly(3HV) thermoplastically and to obtain a polymer suitable for applications with low strength requirements.     

Processing and mechanical properties of biodegradable Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)-starch compositions

Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) is a completely biodegradable thermoplastic polyester produced by microbial fermentation. The current market price of PHBV is significantly higher than that of commodity plastics such as polyethylene and polystyrene. It is therefore desirable to develop low-cost PHBV based materials to improve market opportunities for PHBV. We have produced low-cost environmentally compatible materials by blending PHBV with granular starch and environmentally benign CaCO₃. Such materials can be used for specific applications where product biodegradability is a key factor and where certain mechanical properties can be compromised at the expense of lower cost. The inclusion of granular starch (25 wt%) and CaCO₃ (10 wt%) in a PHBV matrix (8% HV, 5% plasticizer) reduces the cost by approximately 40% and has a tensile strength of 16 MPa and flexural modulus of 2.0 Gpa, while the unfilled PHBV/plasticizer matrix has a tensile strength of 27 MPa and a flexural modulus of 1.6 GPa.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Third National Meeting, June 6–8, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts.The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned.     

PREDICTING BASE FLOW USING HYDROGEOLOGIC PARAMETERS1

ABSTRACT: A method is presented for predicting base flow using easily measured, or estimated, hydrogeologic parameters. A mathematical model based upon the theory of subsurface flow to parallel drains is applied to a small watershed in Oklahoma. An example of model application is presented for a five-year period of record from this small watershed. Three years of data are used to calibrate the model, and two years of data are used for model validation. Hydrographs of observed and predicted base flow are presented for the five-year period of record. We concluded from this limited application of the model, on a small watershed, that the modeling techniques discussed herein were valid and should be tested for longer time periods on a larger watershed to determine their general applicability.     

Nectar-receiver behavior in relation to the reward rate experienced by foraging honeybees

Since forager honeybees change their food-unloading behavior according to nectar-source profitability, an experiment was performed in order to analyze whether food-receivers modify their within-hive tasks related to different reward conditions. We offered individual foragers two reward conditions at a rate feeder while an additional feeder offered a constant reward and was of free access to the rest of the hive. Both feeders were the only food sources exploited by the colony during the assays since a flight chamber was used. After receiving nectar, hive bees performed processing cycles that involved several behaviors and concluded when they returned to the delivery area to receive a new food sample. During these cycles, receivers mainly performed oral contacts offering food, or inspected cells, and often both. In the latter case, both behaviors occurred simultaneously and at the same distance from the hive entrance. When they performed a single task, either the occurrence of cell inspections increased or contact offerings decreased for the highest reward rate offered to the donor-forager. Receivers also begged for food more often after interacting with low-profit foragers. Thus, the profitability of the food source exploited by nectar-forager honeybees could affect receiver behaviors within the hives based on individual-to-individual interactions.Communicated by R.F.A. Moritz     

苯并咪唑衍生物缓蚀机理的理论研究

目的对五种苯并咪唑衍生物缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能进行理论评价,并对其缓蚀机理进行理论研究。方法采用量子化学计算与分子动力学模拟相结合的方法。结果苯并咪唑、2-丙基苯并咪唑、2-戊基苯并咪唑、2-己基苯并咪唑的最高占据轨道(HOMO)和最低空轨道(LUMO)均分布在苯并咪唑环上,而2-对氯苄基苯并咪唑的最高占据轨道分布在苯并咪唑环上,最低空轨道分布在取代基上。分子的苯并咪唑环平行吸附在金属表面,取代基含有的烷基链会垂直于表面并指向溶液,对分子吸附的影响较小,而取代基含有的苯环则会发生平行吸附。在五种缓蚀剂分子中,苯并咪唑的能隙差(ΔE)为5.572 e V,在金属表面上的吸附能为364.19 k J/mol,缓蚀性能最弱;2-对氯苄基苯并咪唑的能隙差为5.157 e V,吸附能为700.19 k J/mol,缓蚀性能最强。结论苯并咪唑衍生物分子的取代基官能团会对缓蚀性能造成一定影响,缓蚀剂分子通过其前线轨道与Fe原子形成的配位键和反馈键稳定吸附在金属表面,吸附形态和前线轨道分布有关。     

西北内陆河城区段入河水体CDOM三维荧光光谱特征

于2017年8月现场采集并测定了西北某内陆河城区段16个入河排放口水体的有色溶解性有机物（CDOM）三维荧光光谱（EEMs）,深入探讨和分析了其CDOM荧光光谱特征、组成成分、类型和可能来源,探讨了荧光组分对研究河段溶解性有机物的示踪特征.结果表明,污染物产生途径不同,入河水体CDOM的EEMs特征差异显著,除了工业、城镇生活等受人为处理影响的水体外,同类排放源的EEMs具有类似性,大多数入河水体中都包含有类腐殖质荧光A峰.平行因子分析方法（PARAFAC）解析出入河水体CDOM由3个荧光组分组成,即类腐殖质组分C₁（272,437/545nm）和C₃（281,368/437nm）,类蛋白组分C₂（<2150,281/366nm）,其中C₁和C₃具有同源性,且其A峰、C峰的位置发生老化红移现象,C₂组分的类蛋白荧光T峰则较为稳定,可以作为研究河段溶解性有机物来源的指示参数.入河排放水体CDOM的荧光指数（FI、HIX、BIX）在反映人类活动对水质的干扰方面较为敏感,工业企业、城镇生活废水排放源的荧光指数、生源指数与其他排放源有所差异,可以敏感指示人为污染的存在.入河水体CODM的光学参数（a（280）、a（350）、a（355））及荧光峰强度均与TOC、CODcr有一定的线性关系,可用于指示有机污染程度.三个荧光组分与TOC、TN的线性拟合关系相对较好,表明可以用荧光组分值对各入河排放源的TOC、TN等指标进行有效示踪.