催化臭氧氧化对生化尾水中典型有机物的去除特性

系统深入地分析了Fe-Ce/AC催化臭氧氧化对化工园区污水厂生化尾水中典型有机物的去除特性。与单独臭氧氧化相比,催化臭氧氧化可将TOC去除率从7.89%大幅提升至17.54%。120 min时UV_(254)和特征紫外吸光度(SUVA)的去除率分别高达66.80%和59.73%,证明了催化臭氧氧化可有效去除含共轭结构或芳环结构的不饱和有机物。催化臭氧氧化对生化尾水中腐殖酸类(HA)、溶解性微生物产物类(SMP)和疏水性腐殖酸类(HOA)3种荧光组分的去除过程均符合一级动力学模型,且由一级动力学速率常数可知,与生化尾水色度直接相关的HA和HOA被优先去除。40 min时HA、SMP和HOA的去除率即高达95.24%、93.21%和92.96%。     

基于PLC的工业电雷管智能并行装配系统研究

针对国内工业电雷管装配生产过程中,因人工参与导致自动化技术水平低、危险系数高,造成生产效率低、安全事故频发等问题,将并行控制思想融入工艺模块划分、模块间的通信及PLC控制系统设计中,构建了一种基于PLC的工业电雷管智能并行装配系统,实现了工业电雷管并行装配,并使危险工作位置实现无人化,优化性能瓶颈从而提高了装配效率;设计了智能异常排除策略,实时监控和调整系统性能参数,使装配生产安全事故率大幅降低,增强了系统可靠性。实际应用表明,系统运行安全稳定、维护简便,实时预警及保护功能齐全,有效提高了工业电雷管自动装配的技术水平和产品质量。     

大空孔复式筒形直眼掏槽力学机制与数值模拟分析

为了解决矿山硬岩巷道爆破开挖存在炸药单耗高、炮眼利用率低和掘进深度短等问题,应用理论分析、数值模拟与现场实践相结合的方法,提出大空孔复式筒形直眼掏槽方式。根据静力学理论,简化掏槽区域岩体只受爆生气体的准静态膨胀作用,并在复式筒形直眼掏槽腔体成形力学机制的基础上,分析大空孔形式下空腔形成的物理力学过程;采用LS-DYNA软件建立数值模型,基于材料参数和状态方程,仿真分析大空孔复式筒形直眼掏槽槽腔有效应力的传播机理;依据巷道尺寸及爆破参数,进行大空孔复式筒形掏槽掘进现场试验。试验结果表明:炮眼利用率提高到89.0%,掘进深度达到2.8 m,炸药单耗降低到3.16 kg/m3,充分证明大空孔复式筒形直眼掏槽方式的可行性。     

High spatial resolution observations of Cs in northern Britain and Ireland from airborne geophysical survey

This study reports the ¹³⁷Cs data derived from three regional and national scale High Resolution Airborne Resource and Environmental Surveys (HiRES) in northern Britain and Ireland. The detailed spatial resolution, combined with the large areas these surveys collectively cover, gives insight into large-scale deposition patterns and possible subsequent re-distribution of ¹³⁷Cs on a level that was previously not possible. The largest survey area considered covers the whole of Northern Ireland. All three data sets display some clustering of higher ¹³⁷Cs activities on high ground together with regional scale NNW-SSE and NW-SE banding features. We interpret these as representing a series of rainfall interceptions of the repeated passage of the Chernobyl plume. Our observations, obtained at 200 m flight line intervals, appear to provide significant detail in relation to existing knowledge of large scale along-wind deposition of ¹³⁷Cs.     

Stakeholder participation in sustainability assessment of non-wicked problems: The case of a future seaweed industry in Sweden

Acceptance by, and cooperation with relevant stakeholders in developing new sustainability initiatives when they are generally perceived as positive, is one of the keys for successful implementation of such new sustainability initiatives later on. It is remarkable, however, that ample literature exists about involving stakeholders in research projects focusing on problems with diverging views (controversy) around facts and values (wicked problems), but there is very little literature addressing whether and how to involve relevant stakeholders in case of initiatives where diverging norms and values do not play a (substantial) role, like in sustainability assessment for a future seaweed industry. This perspectives paper addresses that gap, and explores how to design such sustainability assessment, illustrated by how stakeholder interaction influenced the assessment and its results for a future seaweed industry in Sweden, followed by a discussion whether and how a similar approach may benefit sustainability assessment of other non-wicked sustainability initiatives.     

美国《化学文摘》对环境科学论文文摘的处理和加工

根据CA文摘的要求,以美国《化学文摘》收录部分环境科学文献为例,对收录前后标题、文摘进行探析。论述科技论文文摘的写作与翻译方法,说明科技文摘写作与翻译中存在的不规范和应注意问题,以便科技文摘更具有科学性。     

环境温度对直升机的影响及测试数据处理方法研究

介绍了高温环境对直升机的影响,分析了影响直升机环境温度的机理,采用曲线拟合和物理相似理论,探讨了环境温度测试数据的处理方法,测试结果可对修订可靠性标准提供主要依据,同时对新机研制环境温度指标有重要的参考价值。     

Influence of temperature on performance of anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste

The influence of temperature on the performance of anaerobic reactors for treating the organic fraction of municipal sohd waste （OFMSW） was studied. Batch digestion of OFMSW was carded out for 32 d at different temperature （25℃, 35℃, 45℃ and 55℃） conditions for total solid concentrations （TS） 17% with the ratio of total organic carbon to nitrogen （C/N） being, 25：1 respectively, while keeping other parameters constant such as inoculum, start-up pH, reactor volume （2 L） and so on. Temperature can influence the methanogenic bacteria activity, accordingly inhibiting the OFMSW biodegradation and stabilization efficiency. Anaerobic reactors excelled at TS reduction, total volatile solid reduction, chemical oxygen demand reduction, increasing cumulative biogas production, whose rate was at temperature （35℃ and 55℃） conditions. Methane concentration in the biogas was above 65% in four reactors. In addition, the fluctuation of temperatures resulted in the biogas production variation. The data obtained indicated that temperature had a significant influence on anaerobic process.     

Characteristics for the hybrid cell Foaz obtained from the protoplast fusion between yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in soybean processing wastewater

The optimal pH and temperature, maximum specific degradation rate, half rate constant and flocculation rate for the hybrid cell Foaz were measured in the reaction for the degradation of soybean processing wastewater(SPW) in this study. The optimal pH and temperature for Foaz in SPW were the same as those of its parental strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y9407 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides P9479, but the flocculation rate, the maximum specific degradation rate and the half rate constant for Foaz were higher than those of its parental strains. The results suggest that the characteristics of the inter-kingdom fusant Foaz constructed from the protoplast fusion between the eukaryote cell yeast S.cerevisiae and the prokaryote cell photosynthetic bacteria R.Sphaeroides may favor degrading organic pollutant in SPW and removing biomass from the effluent.     

贵州岩溶地基评价及处理

以贵州为例,将山区岩溶地基分为岩石地基、红粘土地基、岩土地基三类,对各类地基评价方法及处理措施进行了详细的论述,提出了一些新的评价方法及处理措施。