从TM图像自动提取洪涝灾情的研究

1991年夏我国江淮地区发生特大洪涝灾害,本文报道应用TM图像提取洪涝灾情信息的试验研究结果,发展了一套从TM图像数值分析入手,把TM包含的丰富光谱信息转化为洪涝灾情信息的图像应用处理技术.计算机自动输出的滁河和水阳江两流域洪涝灾情分布图和面积数据经实地验证准确可信.     

近距平行跑道配对进近微观跟驰模型研究

配对进近程序可有效提高近距平行跑道容量,是目前国外航空界理论研究热点问题。为提高配对进近程序的安全性,针对近距平行跑道配对进近方式下的跟驰现象,通过量化人为因素及尾流传播特性对配对进近两机纵向距离的影响建立配对进近微观跟驰模型,对影响两机运动状态的因素进行详细分析,提出改进的配对进近安全区计算方法。最后通过算例仿真对安全区变化特点进行分析,采用实际运行数据计算出国内三大机场的近距平行跑道施行配对进近时的有效起始安全区及有地面效应影响时的安全区。     

Sediment–Water Interactions in an Eroded and Heavy Metal Contaminated Peatland Catchment,Southern Pennines,UK

Atmospherically deposited lead in the upper layer of the heavily eroded peatlands of the Peak District, southern Pennines, UK, reaches concentrations in excess of 1,000 mg kg⁻¹. Erosion of the upper peat layer in this region is releasing lead, associated with eroded peat particles, into the fluvial system. Understanding the process mechanisms that control dissolved lead concentrations in contaminated peatland streams is vital for understanding lead cycling and transport in peatland streams. Many headwater streams of the southern Pennines recharge drinking water reservoirs. Measurements in the Upper North Grain (UNG) study catchment show that mean sediment-associated and dissolved lead concentrations are 102 ± 39.4 mg kg⁻¹ and 5.73 ± 2.16 μg l⁻¹, respectively. Experimental evidence demonstrates that lead can desorb from suspended sediments, composed of contaminated peat, into stream waters. In-stream processing could therefore account for the elevated dissolved lead concentrations in the fluvial system of UNG.     

Resurrection of the iron and phosphorus resource in steel-making slag

 This research focused on the treatment of steel-making slags to recycle and recover iron and phosphorus. The carbothermal reduction behavior of both synthesized and factory steel-making slag in microwave irradiation was investigated. The slags were mixed with graphite powder and heated to a temperature higher than 1873 K to precipitate a lump of Fe–C alloy with a diameter of 2–8 mm. The larger the carbon equivalent (C_eq, defined in the text), the higher the fractional reduction of iron and phosphorus. An increase in the SiO₂ content of slag led to a considerable improvement in the reduction for both iron and phosphorus because of the improvement in the fluidity of the slags and an increase in the activity coefficient of P₂O₅ in the slags. The extraction behavior of phosphorus from Fe–P–C_satd alloy was also investigated at 1473 K by carbonate flux treatment. For all the experiments with a processing time longer than 10 min, the phosphorus in the fluxes could be concentrated to more than 9% (w/w) showing that it could be used as a phosphorus resource. Compared with K₂CO₃ flux treatment, that using Na₂CO₃ was more effective for the extraction of phosphorus, and this was attributed to the lower evaporation of Na₂CO₃. Finally, a recycling scheme for steel-making slag is proposed. Received: March 16, 2001 / Accepted: November 12, 2001     

输煤系统粉尘污染治理技术

概述了输煤系统粉尘污染治理的现状,分析了采用常规方法治理输煤系统粉尘污染存在的缺点及除尘效率低的原因。介绍了近几年研究开发的2种输煤系统粉尘污染治理新技术的除尘机理、适用范围、系统组成及主要特点。     

石油化工废气处理技术现状及发展动向

简要介绍了石油化工废气的主要性质、国内外石油化工废气处理技术的现状、特点和发展动向，提出了国内石油化工企业废气处理的重点事项。     

长江三角洲跨区域抢险救援体系--总体模式构建

对长江三角洲跨区域抢险救援体系这一类典型复杂系统进行了系统构建的总体目标和功能分析,并应用复杂系统开发的并行工程方法进行开发组织和总体结构模型的研究,得到了长江三角洲跨区域抢险救援体系的递阶控制体系结构的总体模型.     

毛纺废水中有机卤化物的产生,测定和处理

毛纺加工过程产生有机卤化物，以人类造成极大危害，近几年越来越受到重视，文章综述了有机卤化物的毛纺加工各工序中的产生，可吸附有机卤化物等的测定及其处理方法和相关立法状况。     

石油加工业二氧化硫产排污系数验证研究——以济南某石化企业为例

确保主要行业主要污染物排放总量数据的准确性对制定总量减排和区域环境质量改善规划尤为重要.以济南某石化企业为例,对石油加工业常减压、催化裂化、延迟焦化、柴油加氢、硫磺回收等工艺二氧化硫产排污系数开展验证研究.将产排污系数与监测结果对比分析,发现该企业通过产排污系数计算的二氧化硫排放量远大于实际排放量.在此基础上,提出石油加工业二氧化硫产排污系数修订建议.     

城市建设中环境保护及措施研究

针对城市建设中环境保护及措施研究,文中介绍了城市规划中存在的环境问题,主要包括城市有大量固体废弃物的处理、产生的水污染问题严重和城市大气污染问题严重,提出了城市建设中的环境保护及措施,主要包括坚持以人为本,促进城市化进程协调发展、加强大气污染的整治规划和采用科学的管理方式,随着人类社会城市化的建设,使社会经济发展得到高速发展,也给城市化建设中的环境保护提到重要的日程,本文主要对城市规划中的环境问题进行简要探讨和分析。