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41.
In order to explore the biodegradation behavior of nonylphenolic compounds during wastewater treatment processing, two full-scale wastewater treatment plants were investigated and batch biodegradation experiments were conducted. The biodegradation pathways under the various operational conditions were identified from batch experiments: shortening of ethoxy-chains dominated under the anaerobic condition, whereas oxidizing of the terminal alcoholic group prevailed over the other routes under the aerobic condition. Results showed that the anoxic condition could accelerate the biodegradation rates of nonylphenolic compounds, but had no influence on the biodegradation pathway. The biodegradation rates of nonylphenol (NP) and short-chain nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEOs, n: number of ethoxy units) increased from the anaerobic condition, then the anoxic, finally to the aerobic condition, while those of long-chain NPnEOs and nonylphenoxy carboxylates (NPECs) seemed similar under the various conditions. Under every operational condition, long-chain NPnEOs showed the highest biodegradation activity, followed by NPECs and short-chain NPnEOs, whereas NP showed relatively recalcitrant characteristics especially under the anaerobic condition. In addition, introducing sulfate and nitrate to the anaerobic condition could enhance the biodegradation of NP and short-chain NPnEOs by supplying more positive redox potentials. 相似文献
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43.
Global food production and security rely heavily on finite reserves of newly mined phosphate for fertilizers. However, systemic inefficiencies result in the deposition in aquatic ecosystems of much of the phosphorus mined for food production causing costly eutrophication problems that damage aquatic ecosystems and human health. The Sustainable Phosphorus Alliance (SPA, formerly named North American Partnership for Phosphorus Sustainability) was created to implement sustainable phosphorus solutions through active engagement of stakeholders in both the private and public sectors. This paper describes a conceptual model of transformative change to a sustainable phosphorus system for the North American region. The model emerged from discussions at a series of formal and informal meetings held in conjunction with a ‘Future of Phosphorus’ event (National Science Foundation’s Phosphorus Sustainability Research Coordination Network) and an inaugural SPA Board meeting. Model development drew on the multi-level perspective of socio-technical transitions to develop a series of pathways to a transformed phosphorus system. The uses of the model and transition pathways are discussed in terms of their potential to form an important first step towards the development of a regional vision for improved phosphorus sustainability. The process provides an example of how research in sustainability science can contribute to action on environmental improvement. 相似文献
44.
工业化进程中铬(Cr)的广泛使用造成了严重的环境污染,其中Cr(Ⅵ)由于具有致癌、致畸变作用以及极强的水相迁移性使其成为Cr污染的主要形式,而Cr(Ⅲ)在环境中易形成沉淀且毒性较小,因此将Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ)被认为是一种有效的Cr(Ⅵ)污染治理策略.Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ)可以通过化学反应或微生物转化,其中细菌介导的Cr(Ⅵ)还原是一种极具潜力的铬污染修复方式,具有反应温和、能耗低且无二次污染等特点,因此其还原过程的分子机制受到了越来越多的关注.本文总结了已发现的Cr(Ⅵ)还原细菌种类以及在污染治理中的应用,并详细阐述了Cr(Ⅵ)还原的分子途径和具体的功能蛋白,逐级深入的展示了目前已研究的Cr(Ⅵ)细菌还原的分子机制,对目前该领域存在的科学问题及未来的发展方向进行了归纳和总结. 相似文献
45.
Daniel Abel Shilla 《Chemistry and Ecology》2019,35(6):524-536
Fatty acids were extracted from the surface sediments (10 cm) of three sampling sites of Rufiji estuary to infer their sources and biogeochemical pathways. The fatty acids ranging from C8 to C24 were distinguished from this study, and were broadly classified into saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). SFAs were found to be the major fraction at station 1 and 3 where as at station 2, MUFAs dominated. A total of 19 fatty acids with a total concentration of 64.91 μg/g dry weight were characterised at station 1. C16:0 was the most abundant fatty acid contributing 21.94% of total fatty acids (TFAs). C22:2 was the second most abundant, which accounted for 9.46% of TFAs. Fatty acids ranging from C12 to C24 were identified at station 2. C20 fatty acid was the most abundant fatty acid contributing 21.94%, followed by C16:0. At station 3, fatty acids ranging from C8 to C24 were obtained. The PUFA C20:5n-3 was the most abundant fatty acid contributing 21.65%, followed by C24:0 (15.00% of TFAs). The ratio of lower molecular weight (LMW) to higher molecular weight (HMW) biomarkers was used as an indicators to distinguish higher plants organic matter from algae-derived fatty acids. 相似文献
46.
内分泌干扰物可干扰机体的信号途径,影响动物和人体正常的激素平衡,其信号转导途径非常复杂,涉及多条信号通路的激活.本文通过复杂网络技术构建了乙草胺、地散磷等20个取代苯类内分泌干扰物与71个有效靶标的相互作用网络,分析其网络的拓扑系数后获得6个基因作为网络的中心节点基因并带入KEGG信号通路数据库.通过复杂网络预测取代苯类化合物可通过与靶标基因ESR2和MMP9的作用影响雌激素信号通路;通过与靶标基因HIST3H3和MMP9的作用影响前列腺癌及多发性骨髓癌的误转录调节通路,其中,多发性骨髓癌误转录通路可能是取代苯类内分泌干扰物毒性作用的一条新的信号通路.\"复杂网络\"技术的应用有助于从基因/基因的角度出发,将化合物和机体信号通路相互联系,探讨取代苯类内分泌干扰物对机体的毒性机制,基于整体评价内分泌干扰物对机体的毒性作用,为环境污染物的研究提供了一种新的手段. 相似文献
47.
Philip E. Hulme 《Conservation biology》2022,36(2):e13817
Invasive non-native species are important drivers of ecosystem change, yet the driving forces of biological invasions themselves are poorly understood. Such information is essential to ensure policies focus on the most relevant drivers, and that future scenarios capture the full range of potential outcomes for invasive non-native species. I carried out a bibliometric analysis of articles published from 2000 to 2020 that address either invasive non-native species or biodiversity and ecosystem services and that also mention 1 or more drivers of ecosystem change. I examined 5 indirect drivers (demographic, economic, governance, sociocultural, and technological) and 6 direct drivers (climate change, invasive non-native species, land-use or sea-use change, natural hazards, pollution, and resource extraction). Using the Web of Science core collection of citation indexes, I undertook searches of article titles and keywords and retrieved 27,462 articles addressing invasive non-native species and 110,087 articles dealing with biodiversity or ecosystem services. Most research to date on biological invasions as well as on biodiversity and ecosystem services has focused on anthropogenic direct drivers of ecosystem change rather than indirect drivers. Yet currently, less than 18% of articles addressing biological invasions examined drivers of ecosystem change, a similar level to that found over 20 years ago for biodiversity or ecosystem services. Knowledge of the drivers of biological invasions is limited, emphasizes tractable drivers over those that require an interdisciplinary approach, and is biased toward developed economies. Drivers generally deemed important for biological invasions, such as governance and resource extraction, accounted for less than 2% of research effort. The absence of a systematic understanding of the forces that drive invasive non-native species and how they interact means that attempts to mitigate or forecast biological invasions are likely to fail. To address biological invasions requires a much better orientation of national and international research on drivers in relation to both their actual importance as well as their policy relevance. 相似文献
48.
Environmental risk assessment of metals contaminated soils at silvermines abandoned mine site,Co Tipperary,Ireland 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A centuries long history of mining and mineral processing has resulted in elevated Cd, Pb and Zn soil concentrations in the vicinity of the Silvermines abandoned mine site (AMS), Co. Tipperary, Ireland. A process for preliminary evaluation of environmental risk was developed and implemented. Potential pathways of metal compound transport and deposition were mapped and used to optimise the subsequent site investigation. Elevated soil metals are shown to be predominantly in areas where metal deposition in soil is associated with water related pathways (surface runoff, seasonal groundwater seepage and floodplains). Extensive areas of soil in the surrounding district are classified as contaminated on the basis of Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations, both total and potential bioavailable (EDTA-extractable). The most affected areas, with metal concentrations in soil comparable with that within the AMS, were floodplains located 2–3 km downstream from the site. Assessment of the sequential effects on grass and grazing animals indicates that Pb poses the greatest risk due to its high toxicity and high concentrations in soil (more than 10 000 mg kg–1). Within floodplain areas grazing cattle may intake a lethal dose of Pb. On the basis of the investigation an approach to risk assessment was developed which allowed quantified assessment of the risks related to individual metals, areas of contamination and contamination targets. 相似文献
49.
The inhibitory effect of CH3F on methanogenesis in mesophilic anaerobic granules was tested at different concentrations (0-10% v/v, in the gas phase) and verified by the stable carbon isotopic signatures of CH4 and CO2. The results showed that the inhibitory effect increased with the initial CH3F concentration up to 5%. The CH3F concentration causing 50% metabolic inhibition was 0.32%. Complete inhibition of acetoclastic methanogenesis with a 91% reduction in total methanogenic activity was achieved when 5% CH3F was initially added to the headspace, which resulted in 870 μM dissolved CH3F in the liquid. It was much higher than that applied in other natural anoxic non-granular systems, indicating that the layered granular structure influenced the inhibitory effect. The obvious increase in hydrogen content indicated that high concentrations of CH3F (?5%) suppressed hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis as well. The stable inhibition lasted for at least 6 d as the CH3F concentration decreased slowly with incubation time. These results suggested that CH3F could be used for investigating methanogenic processes in anaerobic granular systems after the CH3F concentration and incubation time for specific inhibition of acetoclastic methanogenesis were carefully determined. In the present system, CH3F concentration of 5% was suggested to be optimal. 相似文献
50.
邻苯二甲酸酯类（Phthalic Acid Esters,PAEs）是重要的工业添加剂之一,可作为塑料工业的增塑剂、软化剂以及化工业的增香剂、成膜剂等,其制品应用广泛.但因其为一类环境激素类持久性有机污染物,对生物个体发育、新陈代谢等产生不利影响,并可沿食物链传递,危害到生态系统乃至人类.本文通过总结邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的不同暴露途径、毒性危害及检测方法等方面的国内外研究进展,指出了现有研究的不足和未来研究趋势,以期为进一步研究邻苯二甲酸酯类对生态环境的影响提供参考. 相似文献