沿岸熏烟扩散的中尺度模拟系统

建立了一个沿岸熏扩散的中尺度模拟系统，它由一个二维二阶矩闭合的ＰＢＬ模式和一个随机流动扩散模式组成。初步的模拟和一些数值试验结果表明，随机游动扩散模式与现行的基于高斯扩散公式的熏烟扩散模式比较，其物理模型更为合理；采用二阶矩湍流闭合方案的ＰＢＬ模式能模拟得到合理的热力内边界层（ＴＩＢＬ）结构特征，将二阶矩湍流闭合ＰＢＬ模式模拟所得气象场作为随机游动扩散模式的气象输入，可以较好地预测沿岸地区日间持续     

工业企业厂界噪声监测过程中有关问题的探讨

通过一些噪声监测实例来探讨有关工业企业厂界噪声测量中的有关问题，并提出了相应的改进方法和建议。     

Application of ground-based Lidar for studies of the dynamics of ozone in a mountainous basin

A ground-based Differential Absorption Lidar was employed to study the dynamics of atmospheric O3 within the planetary boundary layer of a basin in the 'Fichtelgebirge' mountains, NE Bavaria. In particular, the night-time dynamics of O3 linked to the ground were investigated. The Lidar system measured vertical profiles of O3 up to 1 km above ground. For detailed analysis of the night-time dynamics of ozone, supplementary data from three ground-based stations (measuring mixing ratios of O3 and NO(x), as well as meteorological parameters) are essential. The Lidar results could be evaluated with these data from various altitudes above the basin floor. For the station with the largest (vertical) distance to the ground-based Lidar, the agreement was very good at all times. The Lidar method proved to be useful for examining the spatial distribution of O3. The observed night-time decrease of O3 at the bottom of the basin was due to deposition and to advection of air masses containing less O3 from the mountain slopes.     

Turbulence closure models and their application in RAMS

Turbulence closures are fundamental for modelling the atmospheric diffusion in numerical codes and the resulting eddy diffusivities are key parameters in describing the transport and dispersion in the boundary layer. In this work, four turbulence closure schemes have been applied for reproducing a neutral flow over schematic complex terrain using the meteorological model RAMS. Two of the closures, a one-equation (E-l) and a two-equations (E-) model, have been implemented in RAMS in alternative to the ones originally available. In these cases, an analytical method based on the similarity theory for the atmospheric surface layer and boundary layer is adopted to calculate the empirical constants of the turbulence closures. Some examples of numerical studies performed to simulate the flow and turbulence over a 3-D hill in wind-tunnel experiment in neutral stratification are presented and discussed. An intercomparison of simulations related to different closures is considered by analysing the main features of the flow over the hill and by comparing calculated vertical profiles of turbulent kinetic energy with measured ones.     

超细粉尘的扬尘机理研究

针对目前对于一般尘源控制研究较少,而系统研究粉尘的扬尘(尘化)机理的研究就更少这一状况,提出弄清尘化机理、从源头上控制是治理粉尘的首要问题,对粉尘颗粒作用力进行分析,特别就超细粉尘的扬尘机理提出相应的物理模型并进行初步研究.图1,参2.     

Observations of the cross-wind velocity variance in the stable boundary layer

Nine tower datasets over grassland, brush rangeland, snow covered plain, the ocean, three different pine forests, an aspen forest and an urban site, are used to document the scale-dependence of the cross-wind velocity variance in the stable boundary layer. The turbulence velocity variance scales with the surface momentum flux, as reported in previous studies. Such scaling removes the stability dependence of the variance at a given site, and also removes most of the differences between sites. The scaling is more effective with use of a record-dependent averaging time for defining the turbulent fluctuations. The variable averaging time is the timescale associated with the gap region in the heat flux multiresolution cospectra. On scales larger than turbulence and less than a few hours (mesoscale), variations in the cross-wind velocity variance at a given site are not related to local variables such as the friction velocity. Possible exceptions include suppression of turbulence and mesoscale motions in well-defined drainage flows and enhancement of turbulence and mesoscale motions in stronger winds downstream of a ridge. Larger mesoscale variance is associated with complex terrain and forested sites compared to the more homogeneous sites in flat terrain with short or no vegetation. These differences between sites are related to the absence of a gap region in the velocity spectra at the complex terrain and forested sites. The observed probability distribution functions of the total variance and the mesoscale variance are documented for different averaging times, stability classes and site characteristics.     

Wetland boundary and land-use planning in southern Ontario,Canada

There is a general lack of understanding of wetland processes and a general paucity of scientific research to predict the effects of development on wetland boundary. This paper presents the results of a survey of wetland managers as to how they delineate wetland boundaries, define compatible land uses, and restrict land uses adjacent to wetland boundaries. A major finding from the survey is that 75% of land-use planners and wetland managers failed to identify any compatible land use or restricted land use for development proposals that may affect provincially significant wetlands. The government agencies overwhelmingly lack adequate methodologies and/or criteria to delineate and protect wetland boundaries. The paper closes with a plea to consider dynamic hydrological factors in land-use planning.     

重庆雾的声雷达回波与大气SO2浓度的对比分析

本文分析了重庆１９８９年１２月３０日雾的声雷达回波特征与浓雾天气的关系，讨论了雾日大气ＳＯ２地面浓度状况。结果表明，声雷达回波与雾的定变有较好的对应；地面污染物浓度与声雷达回波所反应的大气层结状况关系密切，３００－４００米高度上的逆温层维持较长时间是加重当日大气ＳＯ２地面浓度的重要原因。     

边界区域的环境问题及行政管理对策

从中国行政边界区域的环境问题、行政管理现状出发,结合环境法律关系主体的行为、区域环境合作机制对目前边界环境管理存在的主要问题进行剖析。提出改善边界环境管理的新思路：通过建立边界环境管理委员会制度来加强对行政边界区域的环境管理,解决邻近行政区之间的环境问题与纠纷,推进各自为政的区划性环境保护走向一体化。同时探讨边界环境管理委员会的体系结构、机构设置、职能及运行机制,分析建立该制度的优势、前景和意义。     

实施NOSA五星安全管理体系探讨

神东煤炭分公司在现有质量标准化管理的基础上,引进和实施南非NOSA五星安全管理体系,使企业建立安全生产长效机制、促进企业可持续健康发展.