高速公路路基下采空区充填效果试验研究

为了经济高效地治理高速公路下覆采空区,实现路面行车安全,建立某段高速公路下覆采空巷道的物理力学模型,确立正交试验方案,从充填体、充填率、充填数量三个因素及各因素三个水平出发,利用FLAC3D进行9次试验,借助极差和方差分析,确定出各因素显著性影响顺序和最优化充填方案。结果表明:最优化充填后路面沉降值和水平变形值是所有试验中最小的,充填治理效果显著,验证了最优化充填方案的正确性。     

Leaching toxicity characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash

The continuously increasing production of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) has promoted its utilization as construction material and raised environmental concern. The physico-chemical properties and leaching behavior of MSWIBA were studied, and ecotoxicological testing using a luminescent bacterium bioassay was performed to assess the ecological pollution risks associated with its leached constituents. The MSWIBA was leached by two types of leachants, H₂SO₄/HNO₃ and HAc solution, at different liquid to solid ratios and contact times. The concentrations of heavy metals and anions in the leachates were analyzed. Multivariate statistical analyses, including principle component analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, were used to evaluate the contributions of the constituents to the toxicity (EC₅₀) of the MSWIBA leachate. The statistical analyses of the ecotoxicological results showed that the Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, F⁻ and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were closely correlated with the EC₅₀ value, and these substances were the main contributors to the ecotoxicity of the MSWIBA leachate. In addition, the cluster of these variables indicated similar leaching behaviors. Overall, the research demonstrated that the ecotoxicological risks resulting from MSWIBA leaching could be assessed before its utilization, which provides crucial information for the adaptation of MSWIBA as alternative materials.     

Patterns and Trends in Southern Ontario Lake ice Phenology

An analysis is presented of 46 ice break up and 15 ice free season phenology data series obtained largely through volunteer monitoring efforts in Southern Ontario. Observations spanned the years 1853–2001. Available data included dates of ice formation and ice break up as well as the number of ice free days in a year. A high degree of temporal coherence in ice phenology between lakes was observed (137/365 pairwise correlations significant at P<0.05). Significant monotonic trends towards earlier break up dates and longer ice free seasons were observed across the region both in the entire series and in the last thirty years of data. Trends in longer series may be associated with the end of the Little Ice Age. The significantly longer ice free seasons and earlier ice break up dates observed in the study area have important implications for lakes in other parts of Canada where climate change effects are predicted to be more extreme than in South-Central Ontario.     

Future use and development of prenatal diagnosis. Consumers' attitudes

The rapid progress of prenatal diagnosis and genetic tests makes it important to investigate attitudes towards this development. A total of 40 women and 20 men with personal experience of prenatal diagnosis for chromosome aberrations were interviewed about their moral opinion of the development. The majority (88 per cent) considered it certain or probable that all new methods developed will also be used in the future. The majority (62 per cent) were hesitant about testing for common disorders, e.g., diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis, but regarded it justified in some situations. One-third of the individuals (31 per cent) wanted some kind of restrictions for the use of the tests, but only 13 per cent recommended legislation for this purpose. The majority (84 per cent) believed that ethical principles are influenced by scientific progress. In most aspects, the women and their partners had similar attitudes. However, 82 per cent of the women but only 20 per cent of the men considered that the couple itself should decide about prenatal diagnosis. The results demonstrated a considerable respect regarding the difficult choices associated with the development of prenatal diagnosis, also among those who have decided in favour of the test. The study indicated a greater need for autonomy among women than among men.     

尾矿坝的液化判别研究

概述尾矿坝液化试验判别的一般步骤,即根据《建筑抗震设计规范》中的初判条件对尾矿坝土层进行初判,在尾矿坝土层不满足初判的条件下,利用标准贯入试验对尾矿坝是否存在液化危害进行复判。影响尾矿料液化的因素很多,现有的液化判别方法过于繁琐,在综合考虑希德简化法和《构筑物抗震设计规范》提出的简化法的基础上,提出了一种主要考虑地震震级以及尾矿料的中值粒径、相对密度、静应力和尾矿料物理力学指标影响因素,并将其他影响因素综合为一个影响因素的简化判别法。以某个进行了标准贯入试验的尾矿坝为工程实例,采用简化判别法对该尾矿坝进行理论分析计算,并对试验和计算结果进行比较,得出理论分析结果与试验结果一致,表明该方法切实可行,可供类似工程参考。     

压实坡积土的应力应变关系三维曲面初步研究

对两组不同含水量的压实坡积土样进行三轴CD试验,利用试验得到的ε1～q曲线以及体应变εv、剪应变εr、平均正应力p和广义剪应力q等数据,通过神经网络反演,并采用可视化处理技术,得到试样的部分应力应变关系三维曲面,为三维数值建模研究创造条件。     

基于多尺度排列熵和极限学习机的风机叶片覆冰故障检测方法*

针对风机叶片结冰故障检测中状态数据维度高和检测率低的问题,提出1种使用功率数据驱动的多尺度排列熵（multiscale permutation entropy,MPE）和极限学习机（extreme learning machine,ELM）的风机叶片结冰故障检测方法。首先,使用多尺度排列熵提取功率数据的多重尺度特征,得到特征向量;随后,采用极限学习机,结合环境温度,对结冰故障进行检测;最后,通过使用某风电场的数据采集与监视控制系统（supervisory control and data acquisition,SCADA）对数据进行仿真。研究结果表明:所提方法的故障检测率达到100％,同时虚警率仅有0.14％,表明所提方法在风机叶片的覆冰故障检测中的有效性。研究结果可为风机叶片覆冰故障检测提供1种有效方法。     

The Damping of Off-Central Impact for Selected Industrial Safety Helmets Used in Poland

The paper presents a review of head injury criteria and determines an assessment criterion for test results. Parameters characterizing the protection properties of off-central impacted industrial helmets are chosen and the test stands used in the Central Institute for Labour Protection to test those parameters are presented. The idea of damping 2 selected industrial helmets used in Poland is discussed. The test results of the parameters characterizing the protection properties are compared for damped and not damped helmets.     

车用机械式安全气囊使用维护和诊断测试探析

根据汽车安全气囊系统的组成特点及使用要点,本文介绍了轿车SRS系统的诊断测试,研究了汽车安全气囊系统故障检排,同时列举了沃尔沃系列轿车SRS气囊系统故障检查与排除方法。     

碳钢和耐候钢加速腐蚀实验研究

通过对Q235碳钢和09CuPCrNi耐候钢的周期浸润加速腐蚀实验所得到的锈层结构的XRD和拉曼光谱分析表明:γ-Fe2O3、γ-FeOOH和α-FeOOH是构成锈层的主要腐蚀产物.锈层中最终形成的稳定的α-FeOOH腐蚀产物所占比例和分布都将影响耐候钢的耐蚀性能.耐候钢中的Cr可在表面形成致密的氧化膜,同时Cr在缺陷处沉淀析出,可以加速锈层中缺陷的愈合,从而可抵御大气中水气及其有害离子的侵入,防止基体金属进一步腐蚀.因此,增加耐候钢中的Cr的含量将有助于提高耐候钢的耐蚀性能.