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121.
应用化学清洗剂去除包气带石油污染物的实验研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文探讨了应用化学法清除包气带残油的技术,研究分两个方面,(1)分析包气带土壤与第四纪沉积物对石油烃类的吸附特征,(二)在对单种表面活性剂优选的基础上,确定了清洗效率较高的阴离子-非离子表面活性剂的混合配方,通过一次性淋洗和土柱淋洗实验,了解表面活性剂等清洗剂对油类物质的去除效率。 相似文献
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根据建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测相关标准规范要求和实践经验,总结了石油炼制项目竣工环境保护验收监测实践工作中的若干常见问题。根据石油炼制项目污染物来源和特点,分析了加热炉废气监测、恶臭VOCs治理、含油污水监测、防渗措施和地下水监测以及污水处理"三泥"(含油污泥、气浮浮渣、剩余的废活性污泥)和碱渣处置等常见重点难点问题,在此基础上提出了一些对策和建议,为今后开展验收监测检查工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Meretrix casta were experimentally exposed to water soluble fractions of refined and crude oil and their rate of accumulation of the petroleum hydrocarbons including total and individual aromatics viz., naphthalene, methylnaphthalene and dimethylnaphthalene, was studied. Subsequent transfer to clean waters in the laboratory and field resulted in depuration of the accumulated hydrocarbons from tissues. in general, the rate of discharge was found to be dependent on the concentration that the animals had been earlier exposed to and also the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Occasional increases were observed in the hydrocarbon values of clams which were placed in the field, compared to their laboratory counterparts, suggesting an intermittent source of petroleum hydrocarbon input into the environment. the influence on the rate of uptake, release and retention of hydrocarbons in the clams is discussed. 相似文献
125.
石油勘探开发过程中推行清洁生产初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
王丹昶 《石油化工环境保护》2003,26(4):8-10
就如何搞好石油勘探开发过程中的清洁生产进行了研究和探讨,总结了现行的清洁生产技术。对搞好石油勘探开发过程中的环保工作有一定的作用。 相似文献
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Jones RK Sun WH Tang CS Robert FM 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2004,11(5):340-346
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to understand the interaction between plants and microorganisms during petroleum-hydrocarbon bioremediation in Pacific Islands coastal soils. Total bacteria and hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms population dyanamics were examined in the rhizospheres of tropical trees and shrubs, which were evaluated for their phytoremediation potential in a greenhouse experiment. The respective and combined effects of plant roots and diesel contaminant on the microbial populations were determined in relation to diesel fuel depletion. An increase in the grading populations size of the hydrocarbon-degrading populations of microbes, elicited by rhizodeposition, is generally regarded as conducive to an enhanced degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in vegetated soil. METHODS: The soil was a coastal sandy loam (pH 7.8) which was artificially contaminated with 10 g of No. 2 diesel fuel/kg soil or left uncontaminated. The pots were irrigated with fertilizer and 1% NaCl. The enumerations were carried out in the contaminated and uncontaminated rhizospheres of three trees, kiawe (Prosopis pallida), milo (Thespesia populnea), and kou (Cordia subcordata) and three shrubs, beach naupaka (Scaevola sericea), false sandalwood (Myoporum sandwicense), and oleander (Nerium oleander). Unplanted control soils were included in the experiment. Total bacteria and phenanthrene-degrading bacteria were enumerated on plates. Diesel- and pristane-degrading microorganisms were enumerated by the most-probable-number technique in tissue-culture plates. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: All four types of microorganisms responded to the rhizosphere of the 6 plants in uncontaminated soil and to the diesel contaminant in unplanted soil. In contaminated rhizospheres, no effect of the plant on the hydrocarbon-degrader numbers was visible. Total bacteria responded more to the plant roots than to the contaminant. The phenanthrene-degrading bacteria and pristane-degrading microorganisms were more influenced by the contaminant than by the plants. The diesel-degrading microorganisms were equally stimulated by the plants and the contaminant. The numbers of hydrocarbon degraders were similar in the contaminated rhizospheres of the three effective plants (kiawe, kou, and milo) and in those of the three ineffective shrubs. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the quality of the rhizodeposition is plant-dependent and governs the type of diesel-degrader populations that will be enhanced by a given plant. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: In the proposed phytoremediation-benefit model plant roots maintain high levels of hydrocaron degraders in uncontaminated soil. When the root enters a contaminated zone of soil, those hydrocarbon degraders that prefer the contaminant would switch to the contaminant as a carbon source, effectively removing the hydrocarbons. If the root exudates and the contaminant are equally attractive to the hydrocarbon degraders, the contaminant degradaton would be less effective. 相似文献
129.
微生物降解土壤中石油污染物的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
石油的开采、加工、输送及使用过程中,对大气、土壤、水体带来了严重污染,目前在利用微生物降解石油污染物的研究已有很多,并筛选出许多可降解石油污染物的细菌和真菌,这些菌株在降解过程中,主要受营养元素和表面活性的影响,特别是在多环芳烃的微生物降解方面,因此,针对国内外在石油污染物生物降解方面的研究成果进行了综述及展望。 相似文献
130.
用PCR方法扩增了一株石油降解菌株G5的16S rRNA基因全序列,并对其进行了克隆和测序.对该序列在GenBank中的BLAST结果表明,所有与该序列高度同源的序列都是假单胞菌的16S rRNA基因.其中假单胞菌的代表菌株Pseudomonas aeruginosa,P.fluoroscens,P .putida,P.syringae的16S rRNA基因序列与G5的16S rRNA基因序列同源性分别为93.4%,98.4%,96.3%,97.5%.对G5和其他39株假单胞菌的16S rRNA基因序列进行聚类分析,获得的系统发育树与RDP(Ribosomal Database Project)报道的系统发育树基本一致,其中菌株G5与5株P.chlororaphis聚类在一起.图2参7 相似文献