How and why is Aquatic Quality Changing at Nahanni National Park Reserve, nwt, Canada?

Nahanni National Park Reserve is located at southwestern NWT-Yukon border. One of the first UNESCO World Heritage sites, Nahanni lies within Taiga Cordillera and Taiga Shield Ecozones. Base and precious metal mining occurred upstream of Nahanni prior to park establishment. Nahanni waters, sediments, fish, and caribou have naturally elevated metals levels. Baseline water, sediment and fish tissue quality data were collected and analyzed throughout Nahanni during 1988–91 and 1992–97. These two programs characterized how aquatic quality variables are naturally varying in space and time, affected by geology, stream flow, seasonality, and extreme meteorological and geological events. Possible anthropogenic causes of aquatic quality change were examined. Measured values were compared to existing Guidelines and site-specific objectives were established.     

大型原油储罐热喷涂防腐蚀技术的应用

金属热喷涂技术是一种有效的长效防腐蚀手段,常用于金属结构的腐蚀防护。从钢结构腐蚀及热喷涂长效防护的角度,阐述了在大型原油储罐建设中使用热喷涂防腐蚀技术的可行性和经济性,并对其热喷涂防腐蚀工艺作了简要说明。     

某石油炼制企业VOCs排放源强反演研究

选取我国北方某石油炼制企业为研究对象,针对其挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放,于春季3月开展了厂界周边大气VOCs环境浓度监测,并利用ISCST-3空气质量模型反推出该企业VOCs排放源强.监测结果表明,厂外上风向背景点与下风向受体点TVOCs浓度平均值分别为28.6×10-9和88.3×10-9,且2个区域VOCs还存在化学组分特征差异,背景点以乙烷、丙烷、乙烯为主,而受体点化学组分中丙烯、异丁烷、丁烷、异戊烷、戊烷的体积浓度百分比显著上升,说明该炼油厂VOCs排放体量大,对局地环境影响显著.扣除背景点VOCs,获得了该炼油厂VOCs排放化学成分谱,其主要成分体积浓度百分比:乙烷(23.4%)、丙烷(11.8%)、丁烷(10.4%)、异丁烷(9.0%)、戊烷(5.3%)、异戊烷(6.4%)、丙烯(11.5%),成分谱特征与国内相关文献相似.ISCST-3模型反演结果显示,该炼油厂TVOCs年排放量平均值为(2201.6±1011.9) t/a,折合排放因子约0.73g VOCs/kg原油.该计算结果偏低,原因可能在于:其一,测试季节为春季,较低的环境温度致使了炼油厂挥发散逸环节的排放低于全年平均水平;其二,ISCST-3模型为扩散模型,未考虑VOCs化合物在局地范围的化学衰减.     

石油污染土壤异位淋洗修复研究进展

石油污染土壤异位淋洗修复是一种新兴的、经济高效的修复技术,是对生物修复的一种补充.异位淋洗修复有望促成石油污染土壤修复的系统化.本文讨论了石油污染土壤异位淋洗修复的原理、特点及其影响因素,阐述了石油污染土壤异位淋洗修复的最新研究进展,并对该领域今后的研究重点进行了展望.     

高效石油烃降解菌的筛选及其对原油污染土壤的修复

从陕北原油污染土壤中筛选出7株高效石油烃降解菌,其中黄杆菌属CC-2、不动细菌属SC-5、假单胞菌属SC-6表现出较强的石油烃降解能力。通过单因素试验和正交试验考察总石油烃(TPH)降解效果的影响因素,得出各因素对TPH降解率影响程度的大小次序为:溶液p H降解温度降解菌接种量摇床转速,且在降解菌接种量为7%(φ)、溶液p H为7、降解温度为30℃、摇床转速为150 r/min的最适处理条件下,菌株SC-6的TPH降解率可达61.23%。原油污染土壤生物修复实验结果表明:高效石油烃降解菌的投加有利于土壤TPH降解率和酶活性的提高;"菌株SC-6+营养剂"组修复处理42 d后的TPH降解率可达57.59%。     

土壤石油类(红外法)标样制作方法的研究

对我国环境监测用于土壤矿物油污染监测所必备的标准样品制作方法作了探索,尤其对该类标样的液-固态吸附饱和及其浓度平衡关系作了探讨,从理论上保证标样的均匀性和稳定性,为标样最后的定值分析提供依据.     

热水洗辅助微生物修复高含油落地油泥

为解决油田落地油泥含油率高但不能直接进行生物无害化处置的问题,探索一种热水洗辅助微生物修复工艺。利用热水洗实验考察了清洗配方和水温对降低含油率的影响;从落地油泥中分离出石油烃降解菌,以用于含油残砂的微生物降解过程,同时探究填料和烃降解微生物对残砂中石油烃降解效果的影响。结果表明,鼠李糖脂清洗剂在总用量为0.5%、水洗时间30 min和50 ℃条件下,可将油泥含油率由107.1 mg·g⁻¹降至为39.3 mg·g⁻¹;水洗后残砂中的土著菌群数量出现了明显下降。分离获得了2株烃降解菌,并优选出具有增加油泥溶氧和保水的沼渣。将烃降解微生物和优选沼渣加入残砂后,石油烃生物降解效率得到显著提升,200 d后含油率降为4.62 mg·g⁻¹。在此过程中,微生物优先降解分子量小的饱和烃和芳香烃组分,对胶质和沥青质等组分降解程度偏低。该研究结果可为油田高含油落地油泥的环保处置提供参考。     

CFB锅炉燃烧高硫石油焦的灰渣综合利用研究

循环流化床锅炉在燃烧含硫石油焦时,通过加入石灰石在燃烧的过程中以固态的形式脱硫,燃烧后将产生大量的灰渣,过去处理灰渣最通常的方式是作土地填埋。从灰渣的化学、物理特性试验研究出发,寻找循环流化床灰渣在建筑材料、农业应用和水泥添加剂方面的利用途径,研究了更加经济有效的灰渣处理方法。     

Effects of nitrate concentration in interstitial water on the bioremediation of simulated oil-polluted shorelines

Nutrient addition has been proved to be an effective strategy to enhance oil biodegradation in marine shorelines.To determine the optimal range of nutrient concentrations in the bioremediation of oil-polluted beaches,nitrate was added to the simulated shoreline models in the initial concentration of 1,5 and 10 mg/L.Whenever the NO3-N concentration declined to 70% of its original value, additional nutrients were supplemented to maintain a certain range.Results showed adding nutrients increased the oil biodegradation level,the counts of petroleum degrading bacteria(PDB)and heterotrophic bacteria (HB),and the promoted efficiency varied depending on the concentration of nitrate.Oil degradation level in 5 mg/L(NO_3-N)group reached as much as 84.3% accompanied with the consistently highest counts of PDB;while in 1 mg/L group oil removal efficiency was only 35.2%,and the numbers of PDB and HB were relatively low compared to the other groups supplemented with nutrients.Although counts of HB in the 10 mg/L group were remarkable,lower counts of PDB resulted in poorer oil removal efficiency (70.5%) compared to 5 mg/L group.Furthermore,it would need more NO_3-N(0.371 mg)to degrade 1 mg diesel oil in the 10 mg/L group than in the 5 mg/L group(0.197 mg).In conclusion, Nitrate concentration in 5 mg/L is superior to 1 and 10 mg/L in the enhancement of diesel oil biodegradation in simulated shorelines.     

石油炼制业污染防治与清洁生产

石油炼制业是国民经济的支柱行业,直接关系到整个国民经济的发展,它不仅提供各种石油产品,同时也为石油化工、化纤、化肥等工业提供原料。同时,石油炼制业也是污染物排放大户,在生产过程中产生大量废水、废气、固体废物,对人体健康和环境造成了一定潜在的影响。石油产品和中间产品多为易燃、易爆、有毒、有害的化学物质,在生产、储运和使用过程中,会对大气、水域、湖泊、土壤、环境造成危害,必须采取有效的方法加以预防和治理。而实施清洁生产可以有效的帮助石油炼制业节能资源、减少排污。