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391.
Pallav Purohit Axel Michaelowa 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2008,13(1):23-46
In view of the increasing interest in the development and dissemination of technologies for harnessing new and renewable sources
of energy in India, there have also been some efforts towards their use in the domestic lighting sector. However, the cumulative
number of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) lighting systems such as SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems in India is far below
their theoretical potential despite government subsidy programmes. One of the major barriers is the high capital investment
in these systems. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) provides industrialized countries with an incentive to invest in emission
reduction projects in developing countries to achieve a reduction in CO2 emissions at lowest cost that also promotes sustainable development in the host country. SPV lanterns and solar home lighting
systems could be of interest under the CDM because they directly displace greenhouse gas emissions while contributing to sustainable
rural development. However, only two SPV projects have been submitted under the CDM so far. This study assesses the maximum
theoretical as well as the realistically achievable CDM potential of SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems in India.
The SPV lantern project is financially viable at a certified emissions reductions (CER) price of 34 € whereas the solar home
lighting project is financially viable at a CER price of 46 €. While the maximum mitigation volume is about 35 million tonne
CO2 on an annual basis, an estimate of achievable CER levels is done using the past diffusion trends of SPV systems. We find
that annual CER volumes could reach 0.8 to 2.4 million by 2012 and 5.6 to 13.6 million by 2020. This would require that the
government sets the subsidy level for SPV lighting systems at a level that allows them to become viable with the CER revenue.
From a macro-economic point of view this makes sense if the sustainability benefits are deemed sufficiently high to warrant
promotion of this type of project.
相似文献
Axel MichaelowaEmail: |
392.
AzaC预处理增加TCDD对特殊细胞P450基因的诱导 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用RT-PCR检测不同物质诱导细胞的CYP基因 mRNA的表达水平.在HepG2细胞,TCDD能诱导CYP1A1、CYP1B1及CYP1A2基因表达,CYP1A1、CYP1B1基因比CYP1A2基因更容易被诱导,用AzaC处理后CYP1B1基因表达无改变;在A549细胞和SPC-A1细胞,Azac预处理后增加了TCDD对CYP1家族的诱导.也就是AzaC增加了CYP1A1、CYP1A2和CYP1B1基因表达水平.图1表1参10 相似文献
393.
高山植物唐古特红景天粘液细胞及叶肉细胞表面糖蛋白与抗冻性的关系 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
分布于青海高原海拔4000m高山的唐古特红景天有很强的抗冻能力,其叶片半致死温度可达-26.5℃。在北京地区夏季(7月)驯化20d后,长出新叶片的半致死温度升高为-15.5℃。光镜组织化学切片显示,在唐古特红景天叶片中,特别是维管组织周围,存在多糖、蛋白质或糖蛋白含量丰富的粘粹细胞;高温驯化后长出的新叶片这种粘液细胞明显减小或消失。电镜细胞化学研究揭示,在细胞壁外层及细胞间隙中分布着明显的糖蛋白,在北京地区驯化20d的唐古特红景天叶片中这种糖蛋白明显减少。因此推测,粘液细胞和叶肉细胞表面的糖蛋白层,对唐古特红景天抗冻能力可能起着重要的作用,图版1图2参20。 相似文献
394.
吸烟烟气对鼠肺细胞膜的损伤和茶多酚的保护作用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文以香烟气相物质作用鼠肺细胞膜为模型,用脂肪酸自旋标记物5-DOXYL和16DOXYL分别研究膜浅层和深层的动态性质受气相烟的影响,并用紫外可见分光光度法研究气相烟对膜脂的作用。结果发现,在实验的气相烟流量下,香烟气相物质能引发鼠肺细胞膜的脂质过氧化,并且使膜浅层的流动性增大。但对膜深层的动态性质没有明显的改变,如果在鼠肺细胞中预先加入粗晶态或粉态茶多酚。则肺细胞的过氧化和膜的动态性质改变受到抑制,而且这种抑制作用与茶多酚浓度呈量效关系,而茶多酚本身对膜浅层无明显作用,但对膜深层的流动性有一定影响,而且两种茶多酚的作用相似。 相似文献
395.
The Nile delta-Alexandria coast: vulnerability to sea-level rise,consequences and adaptation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Like many delta systems, the coastal zoneof the Nile delta has been designated as avulnerable zone to a rising sea level as aconsequence of expected climate changescombined with geological and human factors.In view of the understanding of thesefactors, a degree of vulnerabilityanalysis has been carried out to betterlocate which sectors need to be assessedand adapted to possible sea level rise(SLR) for the Nile delta-Alexandria region of Egypt.Results reveal that not all of the coastalzones of the Nile delta are vulnerable toaccelerated sea-level rise at the samelevel. Based on multiple criteria the Niledelta-Alexandria coast can be categorizedinto vulnerable (30%), invulnerable (55%)and artificially protected coastalstretches (15%). These criteria include:local subsidence or uplifting, relativesea-level rise (RSLR), land topography,width of lagoon barriers, beach-face slope,high-elevated features such as dunes andridges, eroding and accreting coastlinesand protection works.Moreover, this study evaluates thelong-term relative sea-level rise andsubsidence rates along the Nile delta andAlexandria coasts. Statistical analysis oflong-term tide gauge data recorded atAlexandria, Burullus and Port Said yieldsvalues of 1.6, 1.0 and 2.2 mm/yr,respectively. These values of relativesea-level rise and long-term subsidencerate obtained from age-dated sediment coresections are inconsistent: long-termsubsidence appears to be larger (maximum of7 mm/ yr). This discrepancy might beexplained if the subsidence is episodic,and occurs rather abruptly during majorearthquakes that occur every few hundredyears associated with fault trend lines.Rising sea levels could have significantlongterm impacts on the Nile delta,including the distribution of ground watersalinity and erosion of the narrow andlow-lying barriers of the Burullus andManzala lagoons. Adaptive measures alongthe study area particularly those relatedto coastal protective structures are alsoevaluated. 相似文献
396.
皮光、电镜方法研究了日本鬼You背鳍棘中Ⅰ型毒腺细胞的形成过程。结果表明:位于背鳍棘两侧纵沟内的毒腺组织周围有较致密的结缔组织的鞘膜包绕,该鞘膜钝性剥离后可见内面光滑,有Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型型毒腺细胞的痕迹。而毒腺组织内下侧与毒棘的骨组织相连处结缔组织疏松,有许多小的梭形细胞;在梭形细胞之间及周围有新形成的幼稚腺细胞,其组织结构类似Ⅰ型毒腺细胞。透射电镜下可见该区域的结缔组织中除结缔组织的细胞及成分以外,有 相似文献
397.
Transcervical cells (TCCs), collected by flushing or aspiration at 8–13 weeks of gestation, were analysed for the presence of fetal-derived DNA sequences. DNA extracted from maternal peripheral blood, TCC samples, and placental tissue was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect small tandem repeat (STR) markers specific to chromosome 21. STR products of fetal origin could be clearly observed in four TCC samples. TCC samples collected by flushing or aspiration were also analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using X and Y probes simultaneously: 46,XY cells could be detected in all TCC samples obtained from mothers with male fetuses. 相似文献
398.
The media from primary cultures and subcultures of second trimester human amniotic fluid (AF) cells were assayed by radioimmunoassay to quantitate production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Primary AF cultures produce more hCG per cell than do the corresponding subcultures. Sodium butyrate (2 mM) stimulates AF subcultures to produce 5-13 times more hCG per cell or per mg of cellular protein than do untreated subcultures. This stimulatory effect of sodium butyrate is dose dependent between 0 and 5 mM. Addition of sodium butyrate 24 hours after subculture, while stimulating production of hCG during the subsequent 3 days, also results in fewer cells and less protein per culture. This effect on cell growth is also dose-dependent. Previous investigators have proposed that the stimulation of hCG by sodium butyrate in other types of cell cultures is due to an effect of that agent on culture growth. Therefore, in these studies AF cells are allowed to grow to confluency before sodium butyrate was added. Production of hCG was stimulated by sodium butyrate about four-fold during the next 5 days although no significant changes were observed either in number of cells or amount of cellular protein per culture. These results suggest that stimulation of hCG by sodium butyrate is not dependent on its effect on growth of the cultures. 相似文献
399.
Fetal cells unequivocally exist in and can be isolated from maternal blood. Erythroblasts, trophoblasts, granulocytes and lymphocytes have all been isolated by various density gradient and flow sorting techniques. Chromosomal abnormalities detected on isolated fetal cells include trisomy 21, trisomy 18, Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) and 47,XYY. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has enabled the detection of fetal sex, Mendelian disorders (e.g. β-globin mutations), HLA polymorphisms, and fetal Rhesus (D) blood type. The fetal cell type that has generated the most success is the nucleated erythrocyte; however, trophoblasts, lymphocytes and granulocytes are also considered to be present in maternal blood. Fetal cells circulate in maternal blood during the first and second trimesters, and their detection is probably not affected by Rh or ABO maternal-fetal incompatibilities. Emphasis is now directed toward determining the most practical and efficacious manner for this technique to be applied to prenatal genetic diagnosis. Only upon completion of clinical evaluations could it be considered appropriate to offer this technology as an alternative to conventional invasive and non-invasive methods of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis. 相似文献
400.
铝电解自焙槽烟气湿法净化回收料的技术迄今尚未见报导。为此针对该回收料的组成及浮选法综合利用工艺进行了研究。结果表明:浮选法能使净化回收料中的碳和电解质得以有效分离;浮选碳粉可用作自焙槽阳极配料,浮选电解质经600℃焙烧后可再用作铝电解质。 相似文献