建筑物外墙清洗技术综述

对于暴露在大气中的建筑物外墙进行定期的高效清洗,有利于保护建筑物、延长装饰周期、美化环境等.为了了解在建筑物外墙清洗技术领域中的进展,利用中国期刊全文数据库、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和万方数据库, 对近10多年来我国在建筑物外墙清洗技术领域的研究成果进行了检索和分析, 在此基础上提出了发展我国清洗技术的一些观点.     

顺倾节理边坡开挖软材料模型实验设计与分析

物理模型实验是研究边坡变形规律的重要手段之一.在高水胶比条件下(水:明胶:甘油=55:2:1)制备低强度软材料模型,利用铁氟龙镀层垫板和佳丹-108干性离型剂解决了脱模困难问题,同时利用材料熔化凝固的过程模拟了岩体的固结成岩过程,在小尺寸模型实验中,模拟了纯重力作用下节理边坡开挖的大变形过程.结果表明:随着坡面节理长度...     

大掺量煤矸石水泥研究

采用激发剂技术,研制成功了煤矸石掺量达６０％,强度标号达４９．６ＭＰａ的大掺量煤矸石水泥,研究表明,这种水泥的标准稠度需水量、凝结时间、安定性等物理性能符合国家标准的有关要求;水泥石孔隙率为０．０４１３ｃｍ＾３·ｇ＾－１,结构致密;７ｄ水经热为２３５ｋＪ·ｋｇ＾－１,属低热水泥。     

PVC合金超滤膜在油田采出水回用中的应用研究

试验采用改性的PVC合金超滤膜法对油田采出水进行深度处理,其处理出水水质达到榆树林油田特低渗透油层要求的回注水水质指标,通过超滤膜组件的运行,采用死端过滤,运行周期为12min,正冲线速度为0.4m/s,时间为10s,反冲洗通量为150L(/m2.h),时间为10s,进水压力为0.1MPa最佳;化学清洗时,采用表面活性剂+酸洗+碱洗,可以获得最佳的清洗效果。     

活性炭吸附苯系物性能的研究进展

人类活动排放的挥发性有机物（VOCs）,尤其是苯系物（BTEX）,不仅影响空气质量,还会对人体健康产生不同程度的危害。室内苯系物具有浓度低、释放周期长及来源复杂等特点。由于活性炭（AC）优异的孔道结构和易调控的表面化学性质,采用活性炭吸附苯系物是封闭/半封闭空间空气污染控制的最有效策略之一。本文综述了封闭/半封闭空间苯系物的理化特征、活性炭的物理化学性质及其吸附苯系物的影响因素。这些因素主要包括活性炭物理结构、表面化学性质、苯系物分子结构和吸附条件。此外,还进一步探讨了活性炭再生技术,并展望了针对封闭/半封闭空间苯系物污染的活性炭吸附技术的改进策略。     

海洋沉积物的质量评价与管理

海洋管理者迫切需要建立评估海洋中沾污沉积物引发海洋资源负效应程度的方法。本文就此考察了评价海洋沉积物受人类活动影响的方法,以及相关的海洋生物和人类健康的风险,通过总结过去的评价工作,确定辨别天然沉积物、人类活动干扰（沾污的）的沉积物和引发负效应（污染的）的沉积物状况的经验程序。在一定程度上指出了符合科学有效性和管理实用性标准的方法,为管理者在海洋环境评价和管理中使用章程、法规、标准和规范的提供了指导,而且对审批疏浚和废物排放、实施环境法规和解释监测计划结果也会起到一定作用。     

The law and economics of reclamation bonds

It is becoming a standard practice for governments to require mining operations to post reclamation bonds. Yet, there have been few theoretical treatments examining the rationale for bonding mechanisms, and even fewer empirical treatments of the effectiveness of bonding. This paper addresses some of these holes in the literature. It begins by examining the rationale underlying reclamation bonds, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of bonding as a tool for enforcing reclamation requirements. The role of bonding mechanisms is to help enforce standards, not necessarily yield efficient outcomes, and these mechanisms are best viewed as a complement to — not a substitute for — liability rules. The paper also examines the effectiveness of bonding by drawing on evidence from hardrock mining on public lands in the western United States.     

高温环境下气藏型储气库泥岩盖层密封性评价

为探究高温作用对泥岩盖层密封性的影响,从理论上剖析储气库盖层产生热应力的3种形式,在室内试验的基础上,分析泥岩在高温环境下力学损伤程度和盖层物性封闭评价指标随温度变化特征.结果表明:高温环境下泥岩整体结构性能降低,400℃左右是泥岩在周期热应力作用下损伤的阈值温度;高温作用会显著改变泥岩盖层物性封闭特征,400℃左右是...     

废旧农膜的回收再生利用技术

废旧农膜的回收利用是关系到农业可持续发展的重要课题。通过对废旧农膜回收利用的几种主要途径的原理和特点的分析，指出了目前我国农用塑料薄膜的回收利用应以回收再生利用为主要发展方向，进一步论述了农膜的再生利用技术方法和前景，试验结果表明：将废旧农膜再生成塑料颗粒或农膜是值得肯定的一种有利可图的方案。     

WATER RECLAMATION BY PHYSICOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER1

ABSTRACT. Treatment of a high strength acidic industrial chemical waste, which had a COD of about 3000 mg/1 and a pH of 3, was attempted by activated carbon adsorption to evaluate the feasibility of yielding effluents of reusable qualities. The experimental methods which were employed in this investigation included batch and column studies. The former was used to evaluate the rate and equilibrium of carbon adsorption while the latter was used to determine treatment efficiencies and performance characteristics. Parallel operations of fixed-bed and expanded-bed adsorbers were contrasted in the column study. Results of this investication indicate that activated carbon was very efficient in removing the COD of the chemical waste. Initial pH adjustments for the wastewater to 7.0 or 11.4 did not increase the COD removal efficiency. Turbidity and nitrogen (total Kjeldahl- and ammonia-N) were removed to some extents by the carbon bed adsorbers while phosphorus (total-and ortho-P) was totally unaffected by the carbon treatment.