南充旅游开发中的文化传播载体研究

旅游开发中的文化传播载体能有形地呈现社会生活的人文内涵，它往往表现为直观可感地呈现地域风情、传递地域文化信息物产及精神文化产品，能直接引导旅游者的消费行为和走向。针对南充目前文化传播载体的不同类型，着重指出以信息传递为主要内容的，供广告、宣传、提升旅游知名度的文化传播载体，需要加大信息多元化的投入，尤其是要借助互联网，以多媒体形式进一步提升传播效果；在提升城市文化档次并产生直接经济效益方面，需要联动整合分散的地方传统文艺，以形成有专题特征的娱乐表演形式并推入市场。     

空气质量实时发布系统数据上传问题的探讨

文章对空气质量实时发布系统在数据上传方面存在的问题进行了探讨,分析了影响数据上传率的各种因素并提出了相应的应对措施。     

突发事件人群信息对冲传播演化规律分析研究

为更深入地剖析社会网络中信息传播的对冲规律,基于多智能体建模方法构建人群信息传播模型(agent-social-network model, ASN),该模型包括个体在进行行为决策时的理性及非理性判断因素、典型信息传播机制、个体决策间可能存在的影响关系等典型要素;并结合2个真实的社会关系网络,基于Monte Carlo方法设计传播模拟实验,探讨突发事件人群信息对冲传播演化规律。研究结果表明：一定条件下,负面信息对冲有利于群体内响应人数的增加,必要情况下可主动构建信息对冲机制加速应急信息的扩散和响应速度;从众行为会降低群体的响应人数,需要在应急演练中特别关注社会公众的从众效应并避免其消极影响。研究结果可为突发事件下面向公众的危机信息传播策略制定和推演提供理论参考。     

A FRAMEWORK OF ORDERED CLIMATE EFFECTS ON WATER RESOURCES: A COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY1

ABSTRACT: An examination of the metadata for almost 900 bibliographic references on the effects of climate change and variability on U.S. water resources reveals strengths and weaknesses in our current knowledge. Considerable progress has been made in the modeling of climate change effects on first-order systems such as regional hydrology, but significant work remains to be done in understanding subsequent effects on the second-, third-, and fourth-order economic and social systems (e.g., agriculture, trade balance, and national economic development) that water affects. In order to remedy a recently-revealed lack of understanding about climate change on the part of the public, climate and water scientists should collaborate with social scientists in illuminating the effects of climate change and variability on the systems that affect how and where most people live.     

油田修井作业气动卡盘

分析了在石油修井作业过程中造成管钳打伤操作人员的事故原因 ;论述了新型油田修井作业气动卡盘的结构和工作原理。当该气动卡盘用于修井作业后 ,操作人员可坐在作业车驾驶室内操作动力控制阀 ,使气动卡盘卡住或松开油管 ,操作人员不再用人力操作管钳 ,消除了造成管钳打伤操作人员的事故 ,不但保证了安全生产 ,而且使劳动强度也比原来大大减轻 ,产生了显著的经济和社会效益。该气动卡盘与“油田修井液压钳安全自动操作装置”配套使用 ,可实现自动化操作     

CDC's research portfolio in older adult fall prevention: a review of progress, 1985-2005, and future research directions

PROBLEM: Falls are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among adults age 65 and older. Population models predict steep increases in the 65 and older population bands in the next 10-15 years and in turn, public health is bracing for increased fall rates and the strain they place on health care systems and society. To assess progress in fall prevention, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a research portfolio review to examine the quality, relevance, outcomes and successes of the CDC fall prevention program and its impact on public health. METHODS: A peer review panel was charged with reviewing 20 years of funded research and conducting a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis for extramural and intramural research activities. Information was collected from grantees (via a survey instrument), staff were interviewed, and progress reports and products were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: CDC has invested over $24,900,000 in fall-related research and programs over 20 years. The portfolio has had positive impacts on research, policies and programs, increasing the public health injury prevention workforce, and delivering effective fall prevention programs. DISCUSSION: Public health agencies, practitioners, and policy makers recognize that while there are some evidence-based older adult fall prevention interventions available, many remain unused or are infeasible to implement. Specific recommendations across the public health model, include: additional research in gathering robust epidemiologic data on trends and patterns of fall-related injuries at all levels; researching risk factors by setting or sub-population; developing and testing innovative interventions; and engaging in translation and dissemination research on best practices to increase uptake and adoption of fall prevention strategies. CDC has responded to a number of suggestions from the portfolio review including: funding translation research of a proven Tai Chi fall intervention; beginning to address gaps in gender, ethnic, and racial differences in falls; and collaborating with partner organizations who share in CDC's mission to improve public health by preventing falls and reducing fall-related injuries. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Industry has an opportunity to develop more accessible and usable devices to reduce injury from falls (for example, hip protectors and force reducing flooring). By implementing effective, evidence-based interventions to prevent falls and reduce injuries from falls, significant decreases in health care costs can be expected.     

Communication and use of climate scenarios for climate change adaptation in Finland,Sweden and Norway

This paper assesses the communication and the use of climate scenarios at the science–science and science–policy interface in Finland, Sweden and Norway. It is based on document analysis and stakeholder questionnaires. The questionnaires targeted three stakeholder groups, all engaged in the communication and the use of climate scenario information: climate scenario producers; impact, adaptation and vulnerability (IAV) experts; and policy-makers. The respondents were asked to identify issues associated with the communication of scenarios and other needs pertaining to the usefulness and availability of such information. Despite the relatively long history of climate change adaptation in the three countries, climate scenarios are not utilised to their full potential. Climate scenarios have been used in awareness raising, problem understanding and strategy development. However, far less examples can be found on adaptation actions, particularly on harnessing the benefits of climate change. The communication between climate scenario producers and IAV experts functions well; however, communication between climate researchers and policy-makers is less efficient. Each country has developed boundary services to enhance dissemination of the climate scenario information to policy-makers. They are cost-efficient but do not necessarily enhance the comprehension of the information and encourage the actual dialogue between scenario producers and the end-users. Further translation of scenario information to impact and vulnerability estimates together with established boundary work could improve the use of climate research information. As adaptation policy in these countries further progresses towards implementation, there are increasing expectations of support from research, further challenging the communication of climate scenarios.     

环境中重金属暴露对抗生素抗性基因演变影响研究进展

抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)已被列为环境新兴污染物,其污染散播和环境演变已成为生态环境领域的关注焦点和研究热点。重金属因其不可降解性,可在自然环境中稳定存在,具有长期生物可利用度,对ARGs会产生持续性选择性压力影响。综述了细菌在抗生素、重金属,以及二者协同作用条件下的不同抗性机制,重点探讨了重金属对ARGs存在丰度和水平转移等环境行为的过程影响。结果表明:多种重金属及其化合物会对ARGs的丰度和水平转移产生影响,根据重金属的种类以及浓度不同可能会产生不同的影响结果;重金属影响ARGs水平转移主要是通过影响细胞分泌胞外聚合物(EPS)、改变细胞膜通透性以及影响基因表达等方式,不同种类的重金属可通过不同的方式影响ARGs的水平转移。虽然目前关于重金属对ARGs环境行为的过程影响已有较多研究报道,但是针对重金属对ARGs影响的内在机制以及不同环境介质中重金属对ARGs丰度和水平转移的协同选择作用有待进一步的研究。     

The disaster warning process: A study of the 1981 Gujarat cyclone

This paper reports on the channels through which warning of the impending disastrous cyclone of October–November 1981 was received and disseminated in the districts and villages of Gujarat in Northwest India. The process is slow and laborious, and efforts are in hand to improve the speed and efficiency of warning methods. Some of the problems likely to be encountered are discussed.     

POLLUTION OF SURFACE IRRIGATION WATERS BY PLANT PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS1

ABSTRACT: Systematic sampling of waterways and irrigation runoff from agricultural lands in the North Platte Project of Nebraska in July and August of 1972–1974 demonstrated that phytopathogenic organisms were disseminated. The organisms monitored included the bean common blight bacterium Xanthomonas phaseoli, the bean white mold fungus Whetzelinia sclerotiorum and various nematodes. Although many types of nematodes often were recovered from irrigation water, Heterodera sp. cysts which cause significant disease problems in the valley were found infrequently. Patterns of movement of the bacterial and fungal organisms were correlated with previous or current season infection of bean plants. The short-term survival of X. phaseoli in sterile deionized water may explain the detection of this organism only in runoff or ditches receiving runoff from common blight infected bean fields. Sclerotial bodies of W. sclerotiorum remained viable for at least 10–21 days in flowing water and were found throughout the irrigation waterways. Irrigation of beans with contaminated water can result in both common blight and white mold diseases. Dissemination of phytopathogenic organisms in irrigation reuse systems as well as agricultural land runoff should be considered in irrigation planning and system design.