固定化微生物对土壤中苯并芘的降解

研究了3株细菌与3株真菌对土壤中苯并芘（BaP）的降解动态,从中筛选出1株细菌（Bacillus sp.）和1株真菌（Mucor sp.）,并采用吸附法将混合菌固定在改性后蛭石上,研究了固定化混合菌对土壤中BaP的降解效果。结果表明：细菌中芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp.,SB02）降解率最高,42 d对B[a]P的降解率为33.0%,降解速率也最快,1周可降解12.6%的BaP;真菌中毛霉（Mucor sp.,SF06）降解率最高,42 d对B[a]P的降解率为69.7%;以改性后蛭石为载体用吸附法制得的固定化混合菌,传质性能好,对BaP的降解率42 d可达95.32%,高于游离菌20个百分点。     

矿区废弃地生态修复中丛枝菌根真菌接种效应

利用粉煤灰、煤矸石和污泥3种配比的复合基质作为试种土壤,接种丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）进行盆栽实验,通过考察接种AMF对复合基质中植物出苗率、根冠比以及植物对总氮、速效磷和速效钾吸收的影响,研究矿区生态修复过程中AMF对的接种效应。结果表明,接种AMF,明显促进矿区复合基质中植物的生长,有效增加了宿主植物对营养元素的吸收,增加了矿区复合基质的有机质含量,加速矿区复合基质的熟化     

丝状真菌生物过滤塔对挥发性有机物的去除性能

生物过滤塔工艺是控制挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染的一种重要工艺。其中,丝状真菌由于所产生的菌丝体易捕捉气相中的疏水性污染物,同时又具备耐受低pH值和适应干燥环境等特性,而日益成为VOCs生物过滤技术中新的研究热点。文章在对丝状真菌生物过滤塔的降解机理和特点进行分析的基础上,针对目前在生物过滤塔技术中研究较多的几种典型丝状真菌,较详细介绍了该类真菌生物过滤塔对VOCs的去除性能,并对该技术在VOCs控制方面的研究与应用中存在的问题和发展方向进行了分析和展望。     

钙和钙离子通道阻断剂对丛枝菌根真菌吸收镉的影响

本试验以三叶草(Trifolium repense L.)为宿主植物,Glomusintra radices为供试菌种,通过分室系统将外生菌丝与植物根系分隔开,并对菌丝室加以不同含量水平的Ca2+、Cd2+和Ca2+通道阻断剂(Verapamil、LaCl3)进行处理,研究在菌丝吸收过程中Cd2+与Ca2+以及Ca2+通道之间的关系.试验结果表明,高Cd2+和LaCl3处理可促进菌丝发育;高Cd2+和Verapamil、LaCl3处理不同程度地降低了菌丝对Ca2+的吸收;高Ca2+和LaCl3处理则可提高菌丝对Cd2+的吸收.根据本试验结果可以认为,Cd2+在菌丝上的跨膜转运不是通过Ca2+通道完成,而且高Ca2+水平有利于Cd2+被菌丝吸收.     

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation on arsenic (As) accumulation by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

under As stress, proper mechanisms are employed by AM fungi to protect tobacco against As uptake. Results confirm that AM fungi can play an important role in food quality and safety.     

铅镉胁迫下接种根际细菌和真菌对圆叶无心菜生长和铅镉累积的影响

铅镉胁迫条件下,采用盆栽试验．研究接种云南会泽铅锌矿区Cd超累积植物-圆叶无心菜的根际细菌和真菌,对圆叶无心菜的生长和铅镉累积的影响,结果表明：2株根际真菌（YQ2F-5和YG2F-6）显著增加盆栽圆叶无心菜地上部分的生长,1株根际真菌（YQ2F-5）显著增加盆栽圆叶无心菜的生物量。根际细菌对盆栽圆叶无心莱的生长和生物量没有影响。接种根际细菌和真菌对盆栽圆叶无心菜Pb和Cd的吸收累积没有影响。     

白腐真菌处理阳离子红GTL废水的实验研究

采用白腐真菌去除阳离子红GTL,考察了温度、投菌量、阳离子红GTL浓度、pH、葡萄糖投加量等因素对阳离子红GTL去除效果的影响。结果表明,白腐真菌对阳离子红GTL的最佳降解条件为温度30℃,阳离子红GTL初始浓度200 mg/L,投菌量10 g/L。在此条件下,阳离子红GTL模拟废水经白腐真菌降解45 h处理后,脱色率达98.9%,COD值下降了75%。该菌降解阳离子红GTL符合一级反应动力学。     

一株甲醛转化霉菌Paecilomyces sp.H6的分离鉴定

甲醛广泛应用于室内装修材料中,造成室内空气污染,危害人的身心健康。本研究用含甲醛的培养基从驯化的菜园土中分离出一株霉菌,并观察平板培养特征、孢子形态,提取DNA,PCR扩增,产物测序,序列比对,查找同源率,构建系统发育树等,研究了其在一定浓度下的甲醛转化能力,结果表明：该菌株的培养特征、孢子形态和宛氏拟青霉（Paecilomycesvariotii）最相似,18S rDNA序列与宛氏拟青霉（Paecilomyces variotii）的同源率为100%,160 r.min-130℃摇床培养144 h,能将ρ（甲醛）=1 235、ρ（甲醛）=1 682 mg·L-1转化为ρ（甲醛）=0和ρ（甲醛）=65 mg·L-1,其转化能力分别为100%、96.1%,菌丝干质量分别从0.468 9、0.475 9 g增长到0.529 8、0.523 6 g,还能将ρ（甲醛）=2 377、ρ（甲醛）=2 849 mg·L-1转化为ρ（甲醛）=854、ρ（甲醛）=1 507 mg.L-1,其转化能力也能达到64.1%、47.1%,但菌丝增长缓慢,结果显示该菌株是高浓度的甲醛转化霉菌,具有重要的研究意义。     

西双版纳自然环境试验站环境真菌的鉴定

采用自然沉降法对西双版纳自然环境试验站的环境真菌进行收集和分离;同时采用显微形态观察对其中的16株真菌进行分类鉴定,结果16株真菌归属于2个纲、4个目、5个科、10个属;结合ITS区间序列分析,确定5个主要环境真菌类群的分类地位。本研究将有助于开展环境试验和防霉研究工作。     

Assessing the Potential Effects of Fungicides on Nontarget Gut Fungi (Trichomycetes) and Their Associated Larval Black Fly Hosts

Fungicides are moderately hydrophobic and have been detected in water and sediment, particularly in agricultural watersheds, but typically are not included in routine water quality monitoring efforts. This is despite their widespread use and frequent application to combat fungal pathogens. Although the efficacy of these compounds on fungal pathogens is well documented, little is known about their effects on nontarget fungi. This pilot study, a field survey in southwestern Idaho from April to December 2010 on four streams with varying pesticide inputs (two agricultural and two reference sites), was conducted to assess nontarget impact of fungicides on gut fungi, or trichomycetes. Tissues of larval black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae), hosts of gut fungi, were analyzed for pesticide accumulation. Fungicides were detected in hosts from streams within agricultural watersheds but were not detected in hosts from reference streams. Gut fungi from agricultural sites exhibited decreased percent infestation, density and sporulation within the gut, and black fly tissues had elevated pesticide concentrations. Differences observed between the sites demonstrate a potential effect on this symbiotic system. Future research is needed to parse out the details of the complex biotic and abiotic relationships; however, these preliminary results indicate that impacts to nontarget organisms could have far‐reaching consequences within aquatic ecosystems.