白腐真菌体对菲和芘的吸附-脱附作用及影响因素

为准确了解生物修复过程中多环芳烃(PAHs)的生物吸附行为,采用化学方法(脱蜡、皂化)分离白腐真菌样品并制得3个组分,探讨了白腐真菌组分的结构特征.同时,用批量平衡法研究了菲和芘在白腐真菌样品上的生物吸附-脱附行为及共存重金属Cu2+对吸附作用的影响,探讨了PAHs生物吸附的作用机制及构-效关系.结果表明,菲和芘在白腐真菌体上的等温吸附-脱附曲线均呈线性(Freundlich,N=1),为可逆吸附过程,其生物吸附机理为PAHs在白腐真菌体上的分配作用;经脱蜡和皂化后,菲在白腐真菌体上的分配系数Kp(F1)分别为Kp(F2)和Kp(F3)的4.5倍和7.5倍,芘的分配系数Kp(F1)则分别为Kp(F2)和Kp(F3)的3.8倍和7.2倍,表明主要分配介质为白腐真菌体上的脂类和聚酯类物质;PAHs的有机碳标化的分配系数Koc值与白腐真菌体的极性指数(O+N)/C呈反比.共存Cu2+离子促进白腐真菌体对菲的生物吸附,随着Cu2+浓度的增加,菲的生物吸附作用逐渐增强;增强吸附机制为Cu2+通过配合作用吸附到白腐真菌体上中和微生物表面的负电荷,降低白腐真菌体表面的亲水性,进而提高其疏水性分配作用;同时,吸附态Cu2+与菲之间形成阳离子-π键等特殊作用,其作用大小随白腐真菌体的极性指数(O+N)/C增大而降低.     

植物废料应用于白腐真菌处理难降解有机污染物

综述了植物废料在白腐真菌处理难降解有机污染物反应体系中的应用优势以及研究现状,指出目前国内外相关研究存在的问题主要集中在植物废料的选材、投量、染菌以及废渣最终处理等方面,因此解决以上方面中的瓶颈将是今后植物废料固定化白腐真菌处理难降解有机污染物的主要研究方向。     

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on arsenic accumulation by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

A pot experiment was conducted to study the e ects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (from contaminated or uncontaminated soils) on arsenic (As) uptake of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in As-contaminated soil. Mycorrhizal colonization rate, dry weight, As and P uptake by plants, concentrations of water-extractable As and As fractions were determined. A low mycorrhizal colonization rate (< 25%) was detected. Our research indicated that AM fungi isolated from polluted soils were no more e ective than those from unpolluted soils when grown in symbiosis with tobacco. No significant di erences were observed in roots and stalks dry weights among all treatments. Leaves and total plant dry weights were much higher in Glomus versiforme treatment than that in control treatment. As contents in roots and stalks from mycorrhizal treatments were much lower than that from control treatment. Total plant As content exhibited the same trend. P concentrations in tobacco were not a ected by colonization, nor were stalks, leaves and total plant P contents. Roots P contents were remarkably lower in HN treatments than in other treatments. Meanwhile, decreased soil pH and lower water-extractable As concentrations and higher levels of As fraction bound to well-crystallized hydrous oxides of Fe and Al were found in mycorrhizal treatments than in controls. The protective e ect of mycorrhiza against plant As uptake may be associated with changes in As solubility mediated by changing soil pH. These results indicated that under As stress, proper mechanisms employed by AM fungi can protect tobacco against As uptake. Results confirmed that AM fungi can play an important role in food quality and safety.     

木质素磺酸盐基生物质固沙材料的部分生物效应

将制浆造纸废液中的木质素磺酸盐经过化学改性制备成生物质固沙材料BSSM-LS,可达到治理污染,有效利用资源和防风固沙、抑尘等多重效果,但在应用过程中,为避免对生态环境造成危害,必须关注其环境生物效应。文章首先选择具有代表性的小白菜和高羊茅草进行了种子萌发的试验,结果表明,BSSM-LS对植物生长无有害影响,反而由于补充了氮,对种子的萌发起到了良好促进作用。随后进行的BSSM-LS与白腐菌及其酶相互作用的研究表明,BSSM-LS对裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune无有害影响,对漆酶无抑制作用。在自然条件下,BSSM-LS生物降解仍需要较长时间,接种白腐菌后可加速其降解过程;在漆酶作用下BSSM-LS可发生一定程度降解,表现为分子量减少,磺酸基含量下降,共轭羰基和醌型结构增加,有利于BSSM-LS的腐殖化进程。     

Investigation of factors on a fungal biofilter to treat waste gas with ethyl mercaptan

IntroductionOff gasescontainingVOCandodorsmaydogreatharmtoenvironmentandpeople’shealth .Therearemanymethodsfortreatingthem ,suchasphysicalmethods ,chemicalmethodsandbiologicalmethods.Biologicalmethodsarewidelyappliedintheprocessofoff gasespurificationfor…     

天水小陇山红豆杉(Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd)林土壤真菌多样性及其与生态因子的相关性

采用GPS系统采集了天水小陇山红豆杉林9块样地的土样,用稀释平板法对该区域真菌进行分离计数,进一步鉴定到属,并分析了真菌数量和类群与土壤养分、水分和pH等生态因子的相关性.结果表明,该区域土壤真菌数量和类群组成存在较大的空间变异,土壤真菌优势菌群的构成有相似性,青霉属、毛霉属为所有样地的优势菌群.真菌多样性分析表明,小陇山红豆杉物种多样性较丰富,不同样地多样性指数差异明显.土壤真菌总数、类群和多样性与土壤生态因子间的相关性分析表明,真菌总数与土壤pH呈显著负相关(R-0.796),与水分和有机质呈显著正相关;Shannon-Wiener指数与土壤有机质呈显著正相关;各属与土壤生态因子呈现不同的相关性.      

改进型气升式反应器中白腐菌降解碱木素

设计了一种白腐菌糙皮侧耳高效降解废水中碱木素的改进型气升式反应器,研究了内套管的开孔高度与脱色率的关系,并采用分批进料方式考察了改进后反应器中白腐菌对碱木素的降解效果。实验结果表明：反应器内套管的最佳开孔高度为45 cm;改进后反应器的漆酶酶活、COD去除率、脱色率分别最高达到了89.33 U/L、87.3%和81.39%,较改进前分别相对提高了17.5%、43.3%和39.6%。     

广东省森林球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白含量及影响因素

植被和土壤组成的差异将影响土壤微生物的组成及动态,土壤微生物的动态变化将体现在微生物产物上。球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(Glomalin-related soil protein,GRSP)被认为是唯一来源于丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF)的糖蛋白,是土壤碳库的稳定组分,可用于指示AMF对土壤碳固持的影响。鉴于已有GRSP相关研究多集中在样点尺度,缺乏区域水平的研究这一事实,该研究选择广东省164个代表性森林样地为研究对象,通过测定表层(0-10 cm)土壤GRSP含量、土壤理化性质,旨在了解广东省森林土壤中GRSP水平及其对土壤有机碳固持的贡献。结合土壤理化性质、植被特征探讨区域范围内GRSP的影响因素。结果表明,(1)广东省森林土壤表层土(0-10 cm)中总球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(total GRSP,T-GRSP)质量分数为(3.26±0.11) g?kg-1,易提取球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(easily extractable GRSP,EE-GRSP)质量分数为(1.11±0.03) g?kg-1,植被起源和植被类型对GRSP含量的影响不显著,GRSP在地带性土壤中呈现黄壤>红壤>赤红壤>砖红壤的显著变化趋势。(2)针叶林GRSP的平均水平高于常绿阔叶林,这一趋势与3种植被类型下灌木草本层生物量的趋势一致。(3)GRSP与土壤有机碳含量、阳离子交换量呈显著正相关关系,与土壤pH值呈显著负相关关系,GRSP含量随土壤细颗粒(粒径<50μm)含量的增加而增加。广东省森林土壤GRSP对土壤有机碳的绝对贡献率为2.3%,GRSP能够与土壤细颗粒结合促进土壤团聚体的形成,并提高土壤保水性能和肥力。     

喀斯特生境下AMF侵染对任豆生长的影响

喀斯特地区土壤退化,植被定植更新困难,丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)具有增强植物养分吸收能力和抵抗逆境胁迫能力。研究喀斯特生境下植物与AMF共生效果,选择优势菌种促进喀斯特植被恢复,对于提高植物定植成活率具有重要作用。以豆科植物任豆(Zenia insignis)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下,选取喀斯特优势菌种-摩西球囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)、根内球囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices),2种菌根真菌混合菌剂进行接种,培养180 d,研究贫瘠喀斯特土壤生境和养分较高的滇柏林下土壤生境下AMF对任豆生长影响。结果表明:摩西球囊霉、根内球囊霉和混合接种均能侵染任豆根系,幼嫩根系更易侵染,木质化根系侵染率下降。接种摩西球囊霉,贫瘠喀斯特土壤生境下,株高、地径、地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量分别提高68.92%、56.18%、83.90%、42.20%和67.34%;养分较高的滇柏林下喀斯特土壤生境下,株高、地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量分别提高48.05%、6.77%、7.92%和8.89%;根内球囊霉处理接种效应低于摩西球囊霉和混合接种处理,对生物量增长为负效应,混合接种处理接种效应介于单接种之间,摩西球囊霉接种效果优于根内球囊霉和混合接种。摩西球囊霉在贫瘠喀斯特土壤生境下发挥的促生效应优于养分较高的喀斯特土壤,可作为喀斯特侵蚀区植被恢复菌根真菌干扰途径的优势菌种,混合接种作为接种剂具有单接种兼容效应。     

Characterisation of growth and biochemical response of Onopordum acanthium L. under lead stress as affected by microbial inoculation

Microbial associations may influence the negative effects of potentially toxic elements on plants. In a greenhouse experiment, the growth; biochemical response; and Pb, Fe, and Zn uptake of Onopordum acanthium L. were investigated in response to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF (a mixture of Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Rhizophagus fasciculatus) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR (a mixture of Pseudomonas species including P. putida, P. fluorescens, and P. aeruginosa) at increased Pb levels in soil. The treatments were arranged as a factorial experiment based on a randomised complete block design. Results revealed that inoculation with AMF and PGPR decreased Pb toxicity in plants. Inoculated plants with AMF and PGPR had higher shoot and root dry weight compared with the non-inoculated plants. In this study, AMF and PGPR inoculation led to a significant increase (P?≤?.05) in chlorophyll a, b, chlorophyll a+b, carotenoid, proline, and relative water content of plants. Furthermore, AMF and PGPR inoculation likely played a more important role in growth and Pb uptake in O. acanthium L. Our results suggest that AMF and Pseudomonas bacteria could be effective bio-inoculants for enhancing the plant growth and Pb uptake by inhibiting the adverse effects of Pb in O. acanthium.