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81.
白腐真菌生物降解TNT装药废水的研究 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
本文利用自行培养驯化的白腐真菌,对实际TNT装药废水进行了好氧生物降解实验。结果表明,经过五天时间的降解,废水中所含的主要成分TNT接近完全降解,效果非常显著。对实验所获得时间序列进行动力学研究,结果证明了白腐真菌降解TNT的反应为准一级动力学反应 相似文献
82.
The Role of Fungal Symbioses in the Adaptation of Plants to High Stress Environments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Russell J. Rodriguez Regina S. Redman Joan M. Henson 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2004,9(3):261-272
All plants studied in natural ecosystemsare symbiotic with fungi that either resideentirely (endophytes) or partially(mycorrhizae) within plants. Thesesymbioses appear to adapt to biotic andabiotic stresses and may be responsible forthe survival of both plant hosts and fungalsymbionts in high stress habitats. Here wedescribe the role of symbiotic fungi inplant stress tolerance and present astrategy based on adaptive symbiosis topotentially mitigate the impacts of globalchange on plant communities. 相似文献
83.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization and nodulation of groundnut were examined in nine soils collected from subsistence farmers’ fields in Zimbabwe. Nodule number, shoot dry weight, shoot N and P contents, and AMF colonization were assessed after 6 weeks growth. Both nodule number and AMF colonization differed by an order of magnitude among the nine soils. Soil available P explained almost all the variability in nodule number (r2 = 0.98), but had no significant effect on percent AMF colonization. By adding P to one soil, nodule numbers increased four-fold resulting in a significantly higher N content in the shoots. Similar, but smaller, effects were obtained by increasing the abundance of AMF through an inoculation with Glomus intraradices, suggesting that nodulation in this soil was limited by AMF abundance and that the fungi could, to a limited extent, substitute for P fertilizer. 相似文献
84.
85.
白腐菌在固体培养基下对吲哚和吡啶的降解 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
研究了稻草秆粉介质中白腐菌对吲哚和吡啶的降解.实验结果表明,质量浓度分别为200、80 mg/L左右的吲哚可被白腐菌去除99%以上,质量浓度为74 mg/L吡啶的去除率为61.5%;白腐菌在稻草秆粉培养体系中对吲哚和吡啶的降解,符合零级反应动力学,其中反应速率常数K(高浓度吲哚)>K(低浓度吲哚)>K(吡啶);高低浓度吲哚和吡啶3个降解体系的漆酶活力在第6天达到最大;漆酶在吲哚和吡啶降解过程中起着较重要的作用,但酶活的变化与吲哚和吡啶的相对去除率不呈线性相关,稻草秆粉培养基中的介质和培养环境在降解过程中可能也起着重要作用. 相似文献
86.
S.L. Liu Y.M. Luo Z.H. Cao L.H. Wu K.Q. Ding P. Christie 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(2):285-293
Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was grown in pots containing soil artificially contaminated with various levels of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)(0, 1, 10 and 100 mg kg–1). Soil and plants were sampled after 30, 40, 50, 60 and 90 days and compared with unlanted pots. The percentage of mycorrhizal root length colonized by Glomus caledoniun was not significantly affected by the addition of B[a]P up to 10 mg kg–1 but was significantly lower at 100 mg kg–1B[a]P compared with low concentrations (p < 0.05). There was no difference in soil polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase activity among the controls and applications of 1 and 10 mg kg–1 of B[a]P. However, enzyme activities were significantly higher at 100 mg kg–1B[a]P compared with the other three treatments, and there was no mycorrhizal effect. Over a period of 90 days the concentration of B[a]P in soil in which alfalfa was grown was significantly lower than in unplanted soil (p < 0.05). Degradation rates of B[a]P added at 1, 10 and 100 mg kg–1 without G. caledonium were 76, 78 and 53%, and with mycorrhizal inoculation were 86, 87 and 57%. The degradation rate in unplanted soil was significantly lower than in planted soil, and was significantly higher in medium- and low-B[a]P treatments than in the high B[a]P concentration tested. There is a possibility of enhancement phytoremediation of PAHs in rhizosphere soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. 相似文献
87.
88.
黄孢原毛平革菌反复脱色模拟染料废水的试验研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
研究了白腐真菌黄孢原毛平革菌在35℃、150r/min条件下培养3d后,培养基类型、染料浓度以及反复脱色次数对其脱色的影响。玉米芯浸出液是首选的可替代营养源的物质,培养3d的黄孢原毛平革菌6h脱色率即达92%。黄孢原毛平革菌能够在短时间(6h)基本脱色较高浓度(40mg/L,60mg/L)的活性艳红K-2BP模拟染料废水,对于低浓度(10mg/L,20mg/L)脱色作用则比较缓慢,浓度超过150mg/L即显示出对菌的毒性作用。玉米芯浸出液培养3d的菌可以重复脱色模拟废水6次以上,每批脱色率均在82%以上,但菌球的沉降性能变差。 相似文献
89.
室内空气中过高浓度的生物粒子有害人体健康.空气中的微生物通常与灰尘结合在一起,然而目前对家庭室内灰尘微生物多样性及其随季节变化特征的报道较少.本研究在北京市选择1户家庭,在夏季和秋季定期采集灰尘样品,通过高通量测序研究细菌和真菌群落组成及多样性,并分析细菌-真菌的网络互作特征.结果显示,室内灰尘细菌和真菌群落Shannon指数及Chao1指数夏季均显著高于秋季(p<0.05).此外,室内灰尘细菌群落结构夏季与秋季无显著差异(p>0.05),主要类群为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、考克氏菌属(Kocuria)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus);真菌群落结构夏季与秋季则明显不同(p<0.05),夏季优势类群为曲霉属(Aspergillus)、链格孢属(Alternaria)和裂褶菌属(Schizophyllum),而秋季曲霉属占绝对主导地位.室内灰尘微生物网络互作具有明显的季节特征,夏季微生物互作主要为细菌-细菌,以及细菌-真菌的正相互作用;而秋季微生物互作比夏季更紧密,以细菌-细菌的正相互作用为主.这些结果可为构建健康的居家环境提供参考依据. 相似文献
90.
Reducing nitrogen runoff from paddy fields with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under different fertilizer regimes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nitrogen(N) runoff from paddy fields serves as one of the main sources of water pollution. Our aim was to reduce N runoff from paddy fields by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF). In northeast China, Shuangcheng city in Heilongjiang province, a field experiment was conducted, using rice provided with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%,and 100% of the local norm of fertilization(including N, phosphorus and potassium), with or without inoculation with Glomus mosseae. The volume, concentrations of total N(TN),dissolved N(DN) and particulate N(PN) of runoff water were measured. We found that the local norm of fertilization led to 18.9 kg/ha of N runoff during rice growing season, with DN accounting for 60%–70%. We also found that reduction in fertilization by 20% cut down TN runoff by 8.2% while AMF inoculation decreased N runoff at each fertilizer level and this effect was inhibited by high fertilization. The combination of inoculation with AMF and 80% of the local norm of fertilization was observed to reduce N runoff by 27.2%. Conclusively, we suggested that the contribution of AMF inoculation combined with decreasing fertilization should get more attention to slow down water eutrophication by reducing N runoff from paddy fields. 相似文献